CVE-2025-21051 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write) found in Samsung Mobile devices, specifically within the JPEG decoding pre-processing component of the libpadm.so library. This vulnerability exists in versions prior to the SMR (Security Maintenance Release) October 2025 Release 1. The flaw allows a local attacker to write data outside the allocated memory bounds during the handling of JPEG images, which can corrupt memory and potentially alter program behavior. The vulnerability does not require any privileges or user interaction, but it does require local access to the device, meaning an attacker must already have some level of access to exploit it. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 4.0, reflecting a medium severity level, with the vector indicating local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), no confidentiality impact (C:N), low integrity impact (I:L), and no availability impact (A:N). No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches have been released yet. The vulnerability could be leveraged to corrupt memory, potentially leading to application crashes or enabling further exploitation such as privilege escalation or code execution if chained with other vulnerabilities. The issue is specific to Samsung Mobile devices, which are widely used globally, including Europe.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-21051 lies in the potential for local attackers to compromise the integrity of Samsung mobile devices by exploiting the out-of-bounds write during JPEG decoding. This could lead to application instability or crashes, and in worst cases, could be a stepping stone for privilege escalation or further code execution attacks if combined with other vulnerabilities. Organizations relying heavily on Samsung mobile devices for business operations, especially those with shared device environments or insufficient endpoint security controls, may face increased risk. The vulnerability does not directly affect confidentiality or availability, but integrity compromise could undermine trust in device operations and data processing. Given the local attack vector, the threat is more relevant in scenarios where attackers can gain physical or logical local access, such as insider threats, lost or stolen devices, or compromised endpoints. The lack of current exploits reduces immediate risk but underscores the need for vigilance and timely patching once fixes are available.

1. Limit local access to Samsung mobile devices by enforcing strong physical security controls and device management policies. 2. Implement mobile device management (MDM) solutions to monitor device integrity and detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 3. Educate users on the risks of installing untrusted applications or opening suspicious files, as local access is required for exploitation. 4. Regularly check for and apply Samsung security updates and patches as soon as they become available, particularly the SMR October 2025 Release 1 or later. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of identifying memory corruption or unusual process behavior on mobile devices. 6. Restrict or monitor the use of JPEG files from untrusted sources to reduce the risk of triggering the vulnerability. 7. For high-security environments, consider additional device hardening or temporary restrictions on device usage until patches are deployed.