CVE-2025-21055 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) affecting Samsung Mobile devices. The issue resides in the libimagecodec.quram.so component, a library responsible for image decoding functionality. Prior to the October 2025 Security Maintenance Release (SMR), this library improperly handles memory boundaries, allowing remote attackers to perform out-of-bounds reads and writes. This can lead to unauthorized access to memory regions outside the intended buffer, potentially exposing sensitive data stored in memory. The vulnerability can be triggered remotely without requiring any privileges (AV:N/PR:N), but it does require user interaction (UI:R), such as opening or processing a maliciously crafted image file. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component and does not extend to other system components. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.3, indicating a medium severity level, primarily due to confidentiality impact (C:L) without affecting integrity or availability. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's presence in a widely used mobile platform makes it a potential target for attackers aiming to extract sensitive information from device memory. Samsung has reserved the CVE and is expected to release patches in the October 2025 SMR update. The vulnerability affects all Samsung Mobile devices running software versions prior to this patch, though exact affected versions are not specified. The flaw highlights the risks associated with image processing libraries, which are common attack vectors due to their complexity and frequent exposure to untrusted content.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-21055 is primarily related to the confidentiality of data on Samsung Mobile devices used within their environment. Since the vulnerability allows out-of-bounds memory reads, attackers could potentially extract sensitive information such as cryptographic keys, personal data, or application secrets from device memory. Although the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, the leakage of confidential information could facilitate further attacks, including identity theft, corporate espionage, or unauthorized access to enterprise resources. The requirement for user interaction means that phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to trick users into opening malicious images, increasing the risk in sectors with high mobile device usage. Organizations relying heavily on Samsung devices for mobile communications, especially those handling sensitive or regulated data, may face compliance and reputational risks if exploited. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future attacks once the vulnerability becomes publicly known. Therefore, European enterprises should prioritize patch management and user awareness to mitigate potential exploitation.

1. Apply the October 2025 Security Maintenance Release (SMR) from Samsung as soon as it becomes available to ensure the vulnerability in libimagecodec.quram.so is patched. 2. Until patches are deployed, restrict or monitor the processing of untrusted image files on Samsung Mobile devices, especially those received via email, messaging apps, or web downloads. 3. Implement mobile device management (MDM) policies to control application permissions and limit the installation of untrusted applications that might exploit this vulnerability. 4. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious image files and encourage verification of sources before interacting with such content. 5. Employ network-level protections such as email filtering and anti-phishing tools to reduce the likelihood of malicious image delivery. 6. Monitor device logs and network traffic for unusual activity that could indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Coordinate with Samsung support and security advisories to stay informed about updates and additional mitigation guidance.