CVE-2025-21160 is an integer underflow vulnerability classified under CWE-191 affecting Adobe Illustrator versions 29.1, 28.7.3, and earlier. An integer underflow occurs when an arithmetic operation causes a value to wrap around below its minimum representable value, potentially leading to memory corruption. In this case, the vulnerability can be triggered by opening a specially crafted Illustrator file that exploits the underflow condition, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user. The vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically opening a malicious file, and does not require any prior authentication or elevated privileges. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity due to the combination of local attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the potential for arbitrary code execution makes this a critical risk for users of affected Illustrator versions. Adobe has not yet released patches, but organizations should prepare to deploy updates promptly once available. The vulnerability is particularly concerning for environments where Illustrator files are frequently exchanged or downloaded from untrusted sources, as this increases the likelihood of exploitation.

The impact of CVE-2025-21160 is significant for organizations worldwide that rely on Adobe Illustrator for graphic design, publishing, and creative content production. Successful exploitation allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the current user, potentially leading to data theft, installation of malware, or further compromise of the affected system. Since the vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability, attackers could manipulate sensitive design files, disrupt workflows, or use compromised systems as footholds for lateral movement within networks. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users frequently receive files from external or untrusted sources. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate threat but vigilance is necessary as exploit code may emerge. Organizations with high-value intellectual property or regulatory compliance requirements face increased risk of reputational damage and financial loss if exploited.

1. Monitor Adobe’s official channels for patches and apply updates to Adobe Illustrator versions 29.1, 28.7.3, and earlier immediately upon release. 2. Implement strict file handling policies that restrict opening Illustrator files from untrusted or unknown sources. 3. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious Illustrator files and encourage verification of file origins. 4. Use endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior related to file parsing and code execution within Illustrator. 5. Employ network-level controls to block or flag suspicious file transfers and attachments containing Illustrator files. 6. Consider sandboxing or running Illustrator in isolated environments for high-risk users to limit potential damage. 7. Maintain regular backups of critical design files to enable recovery in case of compromise. 8. Monitor system and application logs for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. 9. Coordinate with incident response teams to prepare for potential exploitation scenarios.