CVE-2025-23183 is a medium severity vulnerability classified under CWE-601, which pertains to URL Redirection to Untrusted Sites, commonly known as an 'Open Redirect' vulnerability. This issue affects the UBtech Freepass product, specifically version 1.3.1807.1500. An open redirect vulnerability occurs when a web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site and redirects users to that site without proper validation. In this case, the vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious URL that appears to originate from the legitimate UBtech Freepass domain but redirects users to an untrusted, potentially malicious external website. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.1, indicating a medium severity level, with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N. This means the attack can be launched remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges, but does require user interaction (clicking the malicious link). The scope is changed (S:C), implying that the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent but does not affect availability. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild yet, the vulnerability poses a risk of phishing attacks, session hijacking, or redirecting users to malware-laden sites by exploiting user trust in the legitimate UBtech Freepass domain. Since UBtech Freepass is a product likely used in access control or identity management contexts, the open redirect could be leveraged as part of a social engineering attack to compromise user credentials or deliver malicious payloads.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-23183 can be significant, especially for entities relying on UBtech Freepass for access control or identity verification. Attackers could exploit the open redirect vulnerability to conduct targeted phishing campaigns, redirecting employees or customers to malicious sites that harvest credentials or distribute malware. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive systems, data breaches, or lateral movement within corporate networks. The integrity of user sessions could be compromised, undermining trust in the authentication mechanisms. Additionally, organizations in regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, or critical infrastructure may face compliance risks if user data confidentiality is breached. The vulnerability's requirement for user interaction means that user awareness and training are critical factors in the risk level. However, the changed scope indicates that the impact could extend beyond the immediate application, potentially affecting connected systems or services integrated with Freepass.

To mitigate CVE-2025-23183, European organizations should: 1) Immediately check for updates or patches from UBtech and apply them as soon as they become available, even though no patch links are currently provided. 2) Implement strict input validation and output encoding on all URL parameters used for redirection within the Freepass application to ensure only trusted, whitelisted URLs are allowed. 3) Use a centralized redirect handler that enforces domain whitelisting and rejects any redirection requests to untrusted domains. 4) Educate users about the risks of clicking on unexpected or suspicious links, especially those purporting to come from UBtech Freepass or related services. 5) Monitor web traffic and logs for unusual redirection patterns or spikes in redirected requests to unknown domains. 6) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block open redirect attempts targeting Freepass. 7) Review and restrict integration points with other systems to limit the potential scope of impact. 8) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on URL redirection and input validation controls within the Freepass environment.