CVE-2025-23283 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in NVIDIA's vGPU software for Linux-style hypervisors, specifically affecting the Virtual GPU Manager component within GPU Display Drivers versions R535 and R570. The vulnerability is classified as a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121), which occurs when a malicious guest virtual machine sends crafted input to the Virtual GPU Manager, causing it to overwrite the stack memory. This memory corruption can lead to multiple severe consequences, including arbitrary code execution, denial of service (system crashes or hangs), privilege escalation (gaining higher system rights), information disclosure (leaking sensitive data), and data tampering (modifying data integrity). The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with an attack vector requiring local access (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), and low privileges (PR:L), but no user interaction (UI:N). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other system components. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a critical concern for environments utilizing NVIDIA vGPU technology in virtualized Linux hypervisors. The absence of published patches at the time of disclosure increases the urgency for mitigation and monitoring. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for organizations relying on GPU virtualization for workload acceleration, including cloud providers, data centers, and enterprises running GPU-accelerated virtual machines.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-23283 can be substantial, especially those leveraging NVIDIA vGPU technology in virtualized Linux environments for AI workloads, graphical processing, or high-performance computing. Exploitation could allow malicious insiders or compromised guest VMs to execute arbitrary code on the host hypervisor, potentially leading to full control over the host system and other guest VMs. This could result in significant data breaches, service disruptions, and loss of intellectual property. The ability to escalate privileges and tamper with data threatens regulatory compliance, including GDPR mandates on data protection and breach notification. Denial of service attacks could disrupt critical services, impacting business continuity. The vulnerability also poses risks to cloud service providers and managed service providers operating in Europe, as a compromised hypervisor could affect multiple tenants, amplifying the damage. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, European organizations must prioritize addressing this vulnerability to maintain trust and operational stability.

1. Immediate mitigation should include isolating and restricting access to systems running affected NVIDIA vGPU versions (R535, R570) to trusted users only, minimizing the risk of local attacker presence. 2. Monitor for unusual activity or crashes in virtual GPU environments that might indicate exploitation attempts. 3. Employ strict access controls and segmentation between guest VMs and the hypervisor to limit the potential attack surface. 4. Engage with NVIDIA and relevant vendors to obtain and apply patches or updates as soon as they become available; consider enrolling in early warning programs or vendor security advisories. 5. Implement runtime protections such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization (ASLR), and control flow integrity (CFI) where possible to mitigate exploitation of buffer overflows. 6. Conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing focused on virtualization infrastructure to detect potential exploitation vectors. 7. Review and harden hypervisor configurations to reduce privilege escalation opportunities. 8. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans tailored to virtualization environments to ensure rapid recovery if exploitation occurs.