CVE-2025-23283 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in NVIDIA's vGPU software for Linux-style hypervisors, specifically affecting the Virtual GPU Manager component within the GPU Display Drivers versions R535 and R570. The vulnerability is classified as a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121), which occurs when a malicious guest virtual machine can send crafted input to the Virtual GPU Manager, causing it to overwrite the stack memory. This type of memory corruption can lead to multiple severe consequences, including arbitrary code execution, denial of service (system crashes or hangs), escalation of privileges within the hypervisor environment, unauthorized information disclosure, and data tampering. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity (AC:L) and low privileges (PR:L) but does not require user interaction (UI:N). The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have access to a guest VM on the affected hypervisor. The scope is unchanged (S:U), indicating the impact is confined within the same security scope. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No known exploits have been reported in the wild yet, and no patches are currently linked, suggesting that remediation may still be pending or in development. This vulnerability is critical for environments using NVIDIA vGPU technology to provide GPU virtualization on Linux hypervisors, commonly found in cloud, data center, and enterprise virtualization deployments. Exploitation could allow an attacker controlling a guest VM to compromise the host hypervisor or other guest VMs, severely undermining the isolation guarantees of virtualization and potentially leading to widespread compromise of virtualized infrastructure.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-23283 is significant, especially for those relying on NVIDIA vGPU technology in virtualized environments such as private clouds, data centers, and virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services through denial of service, and potential lateral movement within the network by escalating privileges on the hypervisor. This could affect sectors with high GPU virtualization adoption, including financial services, research institutions, media and entertainment, and manufacturing industries that use GPU-accelerated workloads. The breach of hypervisor integrity compromises the security of all hosted virtual machines, increasing the risk of data breaches and operational downtime. Additionally, the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive European data could be jeopardized, raising compliance concerns under GDPR and other data protection regulations. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high severity score necessitates urgent attention to prevent future attacks.

European organizations should immediately inventory their use of NVIDIA vGPU software, particularly versions R535 and R570, within Linux hypervisor environments. Until official patches are released, organizations should implement strict access controls to limit guest VM capabilities and isolate sensitive workloads to reduce the attack surface. Employ hypervisor-level monitoring and anomaly detection to identify suspicious behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Network segmentation should be enforced to contain potential breaches. Virtual machines running untrusted or less-trusted workloads should be restricted from accessing vGPU resources if possible. Organizations should subscribe to NVIDIA security advisories for timely patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. Additionally, consider deploying host-based intrusion prevention systems (HIPS) and memory protection mechanisms to detect and prevent buffer overflow exploits. Regular security audits and penetration testing focused on virtualization infrastructure can help identify and remediate weaknesses related to this vulnerability.