CVE-2025-23284 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in NVIDIA's vGPU software, specifically within the Virtual GPU Manager component of the GPU Display Drivers, version R570. The vulnerability is classified as a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121), which occurs when a malicious guest virtual machine interacts with the Virtual GPU Manager in a way that causes the software to write more data to a buffer located on the stack than it can hold. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code, cause a denial of service (system crash), disclose sensitive information, or tamper with data. The vulnerability requires local access with low privileges (PR:L) and does not require user interaction (UI:N), but the attacker must have the ability to run code within a guest virtual machine environment that uses the affected NVIDIA vGPU software. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating a high severity level, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning exploitation requires access to the host system or guest VM environment. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet, indicating that mitigation may rely on vendor updates or configuration changes once available. The vulnerability affects the R570 version of NVIDIA GPU Display Drivers used in virtualized environments where GPU resources are shared among multiple guests, commonly in data centers and cloud infrastructure.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses significant risks, especially for enterprises and service providers relying on NVIDIA vGPU technology to provide GPU acceleration in virtualized environments. Potential impacts include unauthorized code execution leading to full compromise of the host system or other guest VMs, resulting in data breaches, service disruptions, or manipulation of sensitive workloads. Industries such as finance, research, healthcare, and manufacturing that utilize GPU-accelerated virtual machines for compute-intensive tasks could face operational downtime and data integrity issues. Additionally, denial of service attacks could disrupt critical services, impacting business continuity. The high confidentiality impact means sensitive data processed on these GPUs could be exposed, which is particularly concerning under GDPR regulations in Europe. The requirement for local access limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk in multi-tenant cloud environments or internal networks where malicious insiders or compromised VMs could attempt exploitation.

European organizations should prioritize the following mitigation steps: 1) Monitor NVIDIA's official channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-23284 and apply updates promptly once available. 2) Restrict access to virtualized environments running affected NVIDIA vGPU drivers to trusted users only, implementing strict access controls and network segmentation to limit lateral movement. 3) Employ runtime protection and behavior monitoring tools within virtual machines and hypervisors to detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 4) Consider disabling or limiting the use of vGPU features in environments where GPU acceleration is not critical until patches are applied. 5) Conduct thorough security audits of virtualized infrastructure to identify and remediate any misconfigurations that could facilitate exploitation. 6) Implement strict privilege separation and minimize privileges for guest VMs to reduce the impact of potential exploits. 7) Maintain comprehensive logging and alerting to detect early signs of exploitation attempts. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, monitoring, and configuration hardening specific to virtualized GPU environments.