CVE-2025-24066 is a high-severity heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809, specifically affecting kernel-mode drivers. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of memory allocation in the Windows kernel, leading to a heap overflow condition. An authorized local attacker with limited privileges can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code in kernel mode, thereby elevating their privileges to SYSTEM level. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-122, which pertains to heap-based buffer overflows, a common and dangerous class of memory corruption bugs. Exploitation does not require user interaction but does require local access with some privileges (PR:L). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high), with low attack complexity and no user interaction needed. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a significant risk, especially for systems still running the Windows 10 Version 1809 build 17763.0, which is an older version of Windows 10. The lack of a patch link suggests that a fix may not yet be publicly available or is pending release, increasing the urgency for mitigation and monitoring. This vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to bypass security controls, gain persistent elevated privileges, and potentially deploy further malicious payloads or conduct lateral movement within affected environments.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk, particularly in sectors relying on legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems, such as manufacturing, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, data breaches, disruption of services, and unauthorized access to sensitive information. The elevation of privilege to kernel level enables attackers to disable security mechanisms, install rootkits, or manipulate system processes undetected. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, organizations could face regulatory penalties under GDPR if personal data is compromised. Additionally, operational disruptions could affect business continuity and damage reputation. The local attack vector limits remote exploitation but insider threats or attackers with initial foothold could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and expand control within networks. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, as proof-of-concept or weaponized exploits could emerge rapidly once details are publicized.

European organizations should prioritize the following mitigation steps: 1) Identify and inventory all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 17763.0) to understand exposure. 2) Apply any available security updates or patches from Microsoft as soon as they are released; monitor Microsoft security advisories closely. 3) Implement strict access controls to limit local user privileges, minimizing the number of users with permissions that could exploit this vulnerability. 4) Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous kernel-mode activity or privilege escalation attempts. 5) Use network segmentation to isolate critical systems and reduce the risk of lateral movement post-exploitation. 6) Conduct regular security awareness training to reduce insider threat risks. 7) Monitor system and security logs for unusual behavior indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected kernel driver loads or privilege escalations. 8) Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and patched version of Windows 10 or Windows 11 to eliminate exposure to this legacy vulnerability. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on legacy system identification, privilege minimization, and proactive monitoring tailored to the vulnerability's characteristics.