CVE-2025-24148 is a vulnerability affecting Apple macOS Gatekeeper, a security feature that enforces code signing and verifies downloaded applications before execution to protect users from running malicious software. The flaw specifically involves the handling of Java Archive (JAR) files, which are executable packages used to distribute Java applications. Due to improper handling of executable types, a maliciously crafted JAR file can bypass Gatekeeper's verification process, allowing it to run without the usual security prompts or blocks. This bypass does not grant elevated privileges or remote code execution capabilities but compromises the integrity of the system by allowing unauthorized code execution under the user's context. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction, such as opening or executing the malicious JAR file. Apple fixed this issue by enhancing the executable type handling in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, and macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium), reflecting the limited scope and required user interaction. No public exploits have been reported, indicating a low likelihood of widespread exploitation currently. The underlying weakness is classified under CWE-354 (Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value), highlighting a failure to properly validate the integrity of executable content before execution.

For European organizations, the primary impact of this vulnerability lies in the potential execution of unauthorized code on macOS endpoints, which could lead to integrity violations such as unauthorized modifications or execution of malicious payloads. While confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, the integrity compromise could facilitate further attacks like persistence or lateral movement if combined with other vulnerabilities or social engineering. Organizations with macOS users who frequently handle Java applications or receive JAR files via email or downloads are at higher risk. This is particularly relevant for sectors with high macOS adoption such as creative industries, software development firms, and certain government agencies. The requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users may be targeted with phishing or malicious attachments. Failure to patch could expose organizations to targeted attacks aiming to bypass endpoint security controls. However, the absence of known exploits and the medium severity suggest a moderate but manageable risk if mitigations are promptly applied.

European organizations should immediately verify that all macOS systems are updated to at least macOS Ventura 13.7.5, Sequoia 15.4, or Sonoma 14.7.5 to ensure the vulnerability is patched. Implement strict application control policies that restrict execution of untrusted JAR files, especially from email attachments or unverified sources. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring and alerting on suspicious Java execution behaviors. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited JAR files and enforce policies to avoid running software from unknown origins. Consider disabling Java runtime environments on macOS systems where Java applications are not required. Regularly audit macOS systems for unauthorized software installations and maintain robust backup procedures to recover from potential integrity breaches. Network segmentation can limit the impact of compromised endpoints. Finally, monitor threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit activity related to this CVE to adjust defenses accordingly.