CVE-2025-24170 is a logic-based privilege escalation vulnerability in Apple macOS, identified as CWE-276 (Incorrect Default Permissions). The flaw arises from improper file handling logic that allows a local application to escalate its privileges to root. This means an attacker with local access and the ability to execute code on the system can exploit this vulnerability to gain full administrative control. The vulnerability requires user interaction but no prior privileges, making it accessible to a wider range of threat actors once local access is obtained. The issue affects unspecified versions of macOS prior to the patched releases macOS Ventura 13.7.5 and macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, where Apple addressed the problem by improving file handling logic. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity due to the combination of local attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the potential for abuse is significant given the root-level access gained upon exploitation. This vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to install persistent malware, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt system operations.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially to those relying on macOS systems for critical operations, including government agencies, financial institutions, and technology companies. Successful exploitation can lead to full system compromise, allowing attackers to bypass all security controls, access sensitive information, modify system configurations, and disrupt services. The confidentiality of personal and corporate data could be severely impacted, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Integrity of systems and data could be undermined, leading to loss of trust and operational disruptions. Availability could also be affected if attackers deploy destructive payloads or ransomware. The requirement for local access limits remote exploitation but insider threats or malware that gains initial foothold could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but organizations should not be complacent given the high severity and potential impact.

European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS systems to at least macOS Ventura 13.7.5 or macOS Sonoma 14.7.5 to apply the patch that fixes this vulnerability. Restrict local user access to trusted and authorized personnel only, and implement strict endpoint security controls to prevent unauthorized code execution. Employ application whitelisting and monitor for unusual privilege escalation attempts. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect suspicious local activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Conduct regular audits of user permissions and system logs to identify potential misuse. Educate users about the risks of executing untrusted applications and the importance of reporting suspicious behavior. For environments with high security requirements, consider additional hardening measures such as disabling unnecessary local accounts and enforcing multi-factor authentication for local logins where possible. Maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any suspected exploitation.