CVE-2025-24200 is a vulnerability affecting Apple iPadOS devices, specifically related to the USB Restricted Mode feature. USB Restricted Mode is a security mechanism designed to prevent unauthorized data access via USB connections when the device is locked. This vulnerability arises from an authorization issue linked to state management, which can be exploited through a physical attack to disable USB Restricted Mode on a locked device. Essentially, an attacker with physical access to the device can bypass the USB restrictions, potentially allowing data extraction or device manipulation without unlocking the device. Apple has addressed this issue in iPadOS versions 17.7.5, iOS 18.3.1, and iPadOS 18.3.1. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 score of 6.1, indicating a medium severity level. The attack does not require user interaction or prior authentication but does require physical access, which limits the attack surface. Apple is aware of reports suggesting this vulnerability has been exploited in highly sophisticated attacks targeting specific individuals, indicating its use in targeted espionage or surveillance scenarios. The underlying weakness is classified under CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization), highlighting the failure in properly managing authorization states for USB Restricted Mode. No known widespread exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the potential for targeted attacks remains significant.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability is particularly concerning for sectors handling sensitive or confidential information, such as government agencies, defense contractors, financial institutions, and critical infrastructure operators. If an attacker gains physical access to an employee's iPad or iOS device, they could bypass USB restrictions and extract sensitive data or implant malicious payloads without needing to unlock the device. This could lead to breaches of confidentiality and compromise of intellectual property or personal data protected under GDPR. The vulnerability's exploitation in targeted attacks suggests a risk of espionage against high-value targets within European organizations. However, the requirement for physical access limits the threat primarily to scenarios involving device theft, loss, or insider threats. The medium CVSS score reflects a moderate risk, but the real-world impact could be severe for high-profile targets or organizations with lax physical security controls.

European organizations should prioritize updating all Apple devices to the patched versions (iPadOS 17.7.5, iOS 18.3.1, or later) as soon as possible to eliminate this vulnerability. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict physical security policies to prevent unauthorized access to devices, including secure storage, device tracking, and employee training on device handling. Implementing Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions can help enforce security policies and remotely disable or wipe devices if lost or stolen. Additionally, organizations should consider disabling USB data access entirely on devices used in highly sensitive roles or environments, if operationally feasible. Regular audits of device security settings and incident response plans for lost or stolen devices should be updated to reflect this threat. For high-risk users, consider using hardware-based security tokens or alternative secure communication methods that do not rely solely on device USB interfaces.