CVE-2025-24228 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows an application to execute arbitrary code with kernel-level privileges. The root cause is improper memory handling leading to a CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) condition, which can be exploited by a local attacker to escalate privileges to the kernel level. This vulnerability affects macOS versions prior to Ventura 13.7.5, Sequoia 15.4, and Sonoma 14.7.5, where Apple has implemented improved memory handling to fix the issue. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects a high severity due to the potential for complete system compromise, impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Exploitation requires local access and user interaction but does not require prior privileges, making it accessible to any user with the ability to run an app on the system. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the nature of the vulnerability means it could be leveraged for persistent kernel-level malware or to bypass security controls. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because kernel privileges allow attackers to control the entire system, install rootkits, or exfiltrate sensitive data undetected.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-24228 is significant, especially for those relying on macOS systems in enterprise environments, including government agencies, financial institutions, and technology companies. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, data breaches, and disruption of critical services. Kernel-level access allows attackers to bypass most security mechanisms, potentially leading to persistent threats and lateral movement within networks. The confidentiality of sensitive data could be severely impacted, as attackers can access protected information. Integrity and availability are also at risk since attackers could modify system files or cause system instability. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are particularly vulnerable if devices are not promptly updated. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers may develop exploits rapidly once the vulnerability details are public.

To mitigate CVE-2025-24228, European organizations should prioritize the deployment of macOS updates to versions Ventura 13.7.5, Sequoia 15.4, or Sonoma 14.7.5 or later, which contain the fix. Organizations should implement strict local user access controls, limiting the ability to install or run untrusted applications. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior indicative of privilege escalation attempts. Regularly audit and monitor macOS systems for unusual kernel-level activity or unexpected process behavior. For environments where immediate patching is not feasible, consider isolating vulnerable macOS devices from sensitive networks and data. Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and the importance of applying updates promptly. Additionally, maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate potential damage from exploitation. Finally, stay informed about any emerging exploits or additional patches related to this vulnerability.