CVE-2025-24233 is a critical security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS operating systems, stemming from a permissions issue classified under CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization). This flaw allows a malicious application to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized read and write access to protected files on the system. The vulnerability affects macOS versions prior to Ventura 13.7.5, Sequoia 15.4, and Sonoma 14.7.5, where Apple has implemented additional restrictions to address the issue. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N), making it highly accessible to attackers. The impact encompasses full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as attackers can manipulate sensitive system or user files. While no public exploits have been reported yet, the ease of exploitation combined with the critical severity score (CVSS 9.8) highlights the urgency of remediation. The root cause lies in insufficient enforcement of file access permissions, allowing malicious apps to perform unauthorized operations on protected files, potentially leading to data breaches, system instability, or persistent compromise.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant threat, especially those relying on macOS systems for critical operations or handling sensitive personal and corporate data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, data tampering, and disruption of services, impacting business continuity and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. Sectors like finance, healthcare, government, and technology are particularly vulnerable due to the sensitivity of their data and the strategic importance of their operations. The ability of an attacker to operate without user interaction or privileges increases the risk of widespread compromise, including supply chain attacks or insider threats deploying malicious applications. Additionally, the breach of protected files could facilitate further lateral movement within networks, escalating the overall impact.

Organizations should prioritize upgrading all macOS systems to versions Ventura 13.7.5, Sequoia 15.4, or Sonoma 14.7.5 where the vulnerability is patched. Beyond patching, implement strict application whitelisting and endpoint protection to prevent installation or execution of unauthorized apps. Employ robust monitoring for unusual file access patterns and leverage macOS’s built-in security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC) to enforce access restrictions. Conduct regular audits of installed applications and permissions to detect potential misuse. For environments where immediate patching is not feasible, restrict network access to macOS devices and enforce least privilege principles. User education on the risks of installing untrusted applications can further reduce exposure. Finally, maintain updated backups to recover quickly from potential data integrity compromises.