CVE-2025-24993 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the NTFS file system driver of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability stems from improper handling of heap memory during NTFS operations, which can lead to memory corruption. An attacker with local access and the ability to induce user interaction can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code in the context of the affected system. The vulnerability does not require elevated privileges to exploit, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects a high severity, with impacts rated as high on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector is local (AV:L), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U). Exploitation could allow an attacker to gain control over the system, potentially leading to data theft, system manipulation, or denial of service. No public exploits are known at this time, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and tracked by CISA. The affected Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, which may still be in use in some enterprise and industrial environments. The lack of available patches at the time of disclosure necessitates urgent attention to upgrade or implement mitigations.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially to those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, resulting in unauthorized data access, disruption of critical services, and potential lateral movement within networks. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and government agencies that rely on Windows 10 1809 for legacy applications or infrastructure are particularly vulnerable. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability could lead to severe operational disruptions and data breaches. Additionally, the requirement for local access and user interaction means that insider threats or phishing campaigns could facilitate exploitation. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as exploit code could be developed following public disclosure. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces may face increased exposure if endpoint devices are not updated or adequately protected.

1. Upgrade affected systems to a supported and fully patched version of Windows 10 or later, as Windows 10 Version 1809 is out of mainstream support and unlikely to receive security updates. 2. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, implement strict access controls to limit local user access and reduce the risk of exploitation. 3. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Educate users to recognize and avoid social engineering tactics that could lead to the required user interaction for exploitation. 5. Regularly audit and inventory systems to identify any running Windows 10 Version 1809 and prioritize remediation. 6. Apply any available Microsoft mitigations or workarounds as soon as they are released. 7. Use application whitelisting and least privilege principles to limit the impact of potential code execution. 8. Monitor security advisories from Microsoft and CISA for updates on patches or exploit developments.