CVE-2025-24993 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the NTFS file system driver of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The flaw arises from improper handling of heap memory during NTFS operations, which can lead to memory corruption. An attacker with local access and the ability to interact with the system (e.g., via a crafted file or operation) can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the current user. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication or elevated privileges, but user interaction is necessary to trigger the exploit. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 indicates a high severity, with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). The exploitability metrics show low attack complexity and no privileges required, but user interaction is needed. Currently, there are no known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been released, increasing the risk window. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow), a common and dangerous class of memory corruption bugs that can lead to arbitrary code execution or system compromise. Given that Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, many organizations may still have legacy systems running this version, increasing the attack surface. The lack of a patch means organizations must rely on mitigations and monitoring until an official fix is available.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those with legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems in operation. Successful exploitation can lead to local code execution, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges, install malware, or disrupt system availability. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and government that rely on Windows 10 1809 for legacy applications or infrastructure are particularly vulnerable. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, meaning sensitive data could be exposed or altered, and systems could be rendered inoperable. Since exploitation requires local access and user interaction, insider threats or social engineering attacks could facilitate exploitation. The absence of known exploits currently provides a limited window for proactive defense, but the eventual release of exploit code is likely given the vulnerability's severity. European organizations must prioritize identifying affected systems and implementing strict access controls to mitigate risk.

1. Conduct an immediate inventory to identify all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809. 2. Restrict local access to affected systems by enforcing strict physical and logical access controls, including limiting user accounts with local login rights. 3. Implement application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Educate users about the risk of interacting with untrusted files or media that could trigger the vulnerability. 5. Monitor system logs and security alerts for unusual NTFS-related activity or heap corruption indicators. 6. Prepare for rapid deployment of patches or updates once Microsoft releases an official fix; subscribe to vendor advisories for timely information. 7. Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and patched Windows version if feasible to reduce exposure. 8. Employ network segmentation to isolate legacy systems and limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 9. Use least privilege principles to minimize the impact of potential exploitation. 10. Regularly back up critical data and verify recovery procedures to mitigate availability risks.