CVE-2025-25539 is a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability identified in Vasco version 3.14 and earlier. LFI vulnerabilities occur when an application improperly sanitizes user input, allowing an attacker to include files from the local server filesystem. In this case, the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring any privileges (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), such as clicking a malicious link or visiting a crafted URL. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), meaning the attacker does not need local access to the system. The vulnerability specifically allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via the help menu functionality, which likely processes user input to display help content. By manipulating this input, an attacker can trick the application into including arbitrary files from the server, potentially exposing configuration files, credentials, or other sensitive data. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.5, indicating a medium severity level, with high confidentiality impact (C:H), no impact on integrity (I:N), and no impact on availability (A:N). The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-98, which relates to improper control of filename for inclusion, a common LFI weakness. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no patches or vendor advisories are currently available. The lack of vendor and product details limits the ability to provide product-specific guidance, but the vulnerability's nature suggests it affects web-facing components of Vasco software versions up to 3.14.

For European organizations using Vasco software version 3.14 or earlier, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to confidentiality. Attackers exploiting this LFI flaw can access sensitive files on affected systems, potentially leading to exposure of credentials, internal configuration, or proprietary information. This could facilitate further attacks such as privilege escalation, lateral movement, or data exfiltration. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to lure users into triggering the exploit. The impact is particularly critical for sectors handling sensitive personal data or critical infrastructure, such as financial institutions, healthcare providers, and government agencies within Europe. The absence of integrity and availability impact reduces the risk of system disruption but does not diminish the threat posed by data leakage. Given the network-based attack vector, attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely, increasing the threat surface for organizations with internet-facing Vasco deployments.

European organizations should take immediate steps to mitigate this vulnerability despite the absence of an official patch. First, restrict access to the Vasco help menu functionality to trusted users only, ideally via network segmentation or access control lists. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on any user-supplied parameters related to the help menu to prevent malicious file path traversal or inclusion. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block LFI attack patterns targeting the help menu endpoints. Monitor web server and application logs for suspicious requests attempting to access local files through the help menu. Educate users about the risks of interacting with unsolicited links or emails that could trigger the vulnerability. If possible, upgrade to a newer, unaffected version of Vasco once available or consider alternative software solutions. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on file inclusion vulnerabilities to proactively identify similar issues.