CVE-2025-28946 is a high-severity vulnerability classified under CWE-98, which pertains to improper control of filenames used in include or require statements within PHP applications. Specifically, this vulnerability affects the BZOTheme PrintXtore product up to version 1.7.5. The flaw allows an attacker to perform a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) attack by manipulating the filename parameter that is used in include or require statements without proper validation or sanitization. This can lead to the inclusion and execution of arbitrary local files on the server. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction, but the attack complexity is rated as high, indicating some conditions or knowledge are necessary to exploit it successfully. The CVSS v3.1 score is 8.1, reflecting a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to read sensitive files, execute arbitrary PHP code, or cause denial of service by including malicious or unintended files. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in March 2025 and published in June 2025, indicating it is a recent discovery. The lack of patch availability suggests that affected organizations need to implement interim mitigations while awaiting vendor fixes.

For European organizations using BZOTheme PrintXtore, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data, including configuration files, credentials, or customer information, severely impacting confidentiality. Integrity could be compromised by executing arbitrary code, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate data or pivot within the network. Availability could also be affected if attackers cause application crashes or denial of service. Given that PrintXtore is a theme/product likely used in e-commerce or content management contexts, the impact on business operations and customer trust could be substantial. Additionally, regulatory frameworks such as GDPR impose strict requirements on data protection; a breach resulting from this vulnerability could lead to legal penalties and reputational damage. The high severity and remote exploitability without authentication increase the urgency for European organizations to address this threat promptly.

Since no official patches are currently available, European organizations should take immediate steps to mitigate the risk: 1) Implement strict input validation and sanitization on any parameters that influence file inclusion, ensuring only allowed filenames or paths are accepted. 2) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block attempts at local file inclusion attacks targeting PrintXtore or similar PHP applications. 3) Restrict file system permissions for the web server user to limit access to sensitive files and directories, minimizing the impact of a successful LFI. 4) Monitor logs for suspicious requests that attempt to manipulate include parameters or access unusual files. 5) Consider temporarily disabling or restricting access to vulnerable functionality if feasible until a patch is released. 6) Stay updated with vendor advisories and apply patches immediately once available. 7) Conduct security audits and code reviews focusing on file inclusion logic within PrintXtore deployments.