CVE-2025-28994 is a security vulnerability classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) affecting the Viral Loops WP Integration plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability arises due to improperly configured access control mechanisms within the plugin, allowing users with limited privileges (PR:L - Privileges Required: Low) to perform actions or access resources that should be restricted. The vulnerability does not require user interaction (UI:N) and can be exploited remotely over the network (AV:N). The scope of the vulnerability is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. The vulnerability impacts the integrity of the system (I:L) but does not affect confidentiality or availability. The affected versions include all versions up to 3.8.1, with no specific version range provided. No patches or fixes have been linked yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild as of the publication date (June 6, 2025). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.3, indicating a medium severity level. The vulnerability allows attackers with low-level privileges to bypass authorization checks, potentially modifying or manipulating data or configurations within the Viral Loops plugin, which is used for marketing campaigns and viral referral programs integrated into WordPress sites. Given that WordPress is widely used for websites, including those of European organizations, exploitation could lead to unauthorized changes in marketing campaign data, potentially impacting business operations or customer trust.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-28994 depends largely on the extent to which they use the Viral Loops WP Integration plugin on their WordPress sites. Organizations relying on this plugin for marketing or customer engagement campaigns could face unauthorized modifications to campaign data or configurations, leading to inaccurate marketing analytics, compromised campaign integrity, or manipulation of referral incentives. While this vulnerability does not directly compromise sensitive customer data or system availability, the integrity impact could undermine trust in marketing operations and potentially lead to financial losses or reputational damage. Additionally, attackers exploiting this vulnerability could use it as a foothold to further escalate privileges or conduct additional attacks within the WordPress environment if other vulnerabilities exist. Given the medium severity and the requirement for low-level privileges, the threat is moderate but should not be ignored, especially for organizations with significant online marketing presence in Europe.

To mitigate CVE-2025-28994, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Immediately audit all WordPress sites for the presence of the Viral Loops WP Integration plugin and identify versions in use. 2) Restrict access to the WordPress admin and plugin management interfaces to trusted administrators only, employing strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). 3) Monitor and review user roles and permissions to ensure that users with low privileges cannot perform unauthorized actions within the plugin. 4) Implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious requests targeting the Viral Loops plugin endpoints. 5) Regularly check for updates or patches from the vendor and apply them promptly once available. 6) Conduct penetration testing focused on access control mechanisms within WordPress plugins to identify similar authorization issues proactively. 7) Maintain comprehensive logging and alerting on changes to marketing campaign configurations to detect unauthorized modifications quickly. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control auditing, monitoring, and proactive security testing tailored to the plugin's context.