VulnerabilityPublished 29 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-30270: QNAP Systems QTS · Path Traversal

Affects QNAP Systems QTSSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium : upgrade to 5.3.0 when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 41% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 5.3.0

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade QNAP Systems QTS to 5.3.0.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS	Affected >=5.2.0 <5.3.0	Fixed in 5.3.0

AI-suggested

Immediate patching: Upgrade all QNAP NAS devices to QTS version 5.2.5.3145 or later (or QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 or later) to remediate the vulnerability.
Access control review: Restrict user account privileges to the minimum necessary, avoiding unnecessary user accounts on NAS devices.
Network segmentation: Isolate NAS devices from general user networks and restrict access to trusted management networks only.
Monitor logs: Implement enhanced monitoring and alerting for unusual file access patterns or login attempts on QNAP devices.
Credential hygiene: Enforce strong authentication mechanisms and consider multi-factor authentication (MFA) for NAS access to reduce risk of credential compromise.
Incident response readiness: Prepare to investigate potential data exposure incidents by maintaining backups and audit trails.
Vendor advisories: Regularly review QNAP security advisories for updates or additional patches related to QTS. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on minimizing user account exposure, network-level protections, and proactive monitoring tailored to the specific vulnerability context.

Description

A path traversal vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to read the contents of unexpected files or system data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily to those using QNAP NAS devices running affected QTS versions. The ability for an attacker with user-level access to read arbitrary files could lead to exposure of sensitive corporate data, intellectual property, or credentials stored on the device. This could facilitate further lateral movement within the network or enable targeted attacks. Given the widespread use of QNAP devices in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and manufacturing across Europe, the confidentiality breach could have regulatory implications under GDPR if personal data is exposed. Additionally, organizations relying on QNAP NAS for backup or file sharing could face operational disruptions if sensitive configuration files are accessed and manipulated indirectly. While the vulnerability does not allow code execution or direct system compromise, the information disclosure risk is non-trivial and could be leveraged in multi-stage attacks. The lack of known active exploits reduces immediate urgency but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often develop exploits post-disclosure. Therefore, European organizations should consider this vulnerability a credible threat vector requiring prompt mitigation.

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #6OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
Implementation · Input Validation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks…
Implementation · Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174).
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Path Traversal (opens in a new tab)
Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic (opens in a new tab)
Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls (opens in a new tab)
Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding (opens in a new tab)
Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-21 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Aug 2025, 17:50 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-22

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats