CVE-2025-30434 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Apple iOS and iPadOS, fixed starting with version 18.4. The vulnerability stems from improper input sanitization when the operating system processes certain maliciously crafted files. An attacker who can convince a user to open or interact with such a file on a vulnerable device may execute arbitrary scripts within the context of the device's browser or other affected components. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure or modification of sensitive information (confidentiality and integrity impacts). The CVSS 3.1 vector indicates a local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, which covers improper neutralization of input leading to XSS. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns. Apple resolved the issue by enhancing input validation and sanitization mechanisms in iOS and iPadOS 18.4. Since the affected versions are unspecified, it is prudent to assume all versions prior to 18.4 are vulnerable. The vulnerability does not impact availability, and exploitation requires user action, limiting its ease of exploitation but not eliminating risk.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to mobile users on Apple devices, which are widely used across enterprises and government sectors. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute malicious scripts, potentially leading to theft of sensitive data such as authentication tokens, session cookies, or confidential communications. This could facilitate further attacks like account takeover or lateral movement within corporate networks. The requirement for local access and user interaction reduces the likelihood of mass exploitation but does not eliminate targeted attacks, especially via spear-phishing or malicious file sharing. The impact on confidentiality and integrity could be significant in sectors handling sensitive personal data, intellectual property, or critical communications. Additionally, organizations with Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies may face increased exposure. The vulnerability's medium severity suggests it is a moderate risk but should be addressed promptly to prevent exploitation in high-value targets.

European organizations should prioritize updating all Apple iOS and iPadOS devices to version 18.4 or later to ensure the vulnerability is patched. IT departments should enforce mobile device management (MDM) policies that mandate timely OS updates and restrict installation of untrusted applications or files. User awareness training should emphasize the risks of opening files from unknown or untrusted sources, especially on mobile devices. Implementing email and file scanning solutions that detect and block malicious attachments can reduce exposure. Organizations should also review and tighten access controls on mobile devices, including disabling automatic file processing features where possible. Monitoring for unusual device behavior or network traffic indicative of XSS exploitation attempts can aid early detection. For high-risk environments, consider restricting the use of vulnerable Apple devices until patched. Finally, maintain an inventory of all Apple devices in use to ensure comprehensive coverage of updates and mitigations.