CVE-2025-31510VulnerabilityPublished 16 Jan 2026

CVE-2025-31510: LemonLDAP::NG · XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting'

Affects LemonLDAP::NGSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.2 High : upgrade to 2.21.0 or 2.16.5 soon.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.2High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 31% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 2.21.0, 2.16.5

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 16 Jan 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade LemonLDAP::NG to 2.21.0 or 2.16.5.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
lemonldap-ngLemonLDAP::NG	Affected >=2.0.8 <2.16.5 >=2.17.0 <2.21.0	Fixed in 2.21.0 2.16.5
GitHublemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng`pkg:github/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng`Other threats	Affected =2.0.8 =2.17.0	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

The primary mitigation is to upgrade LemonLDAP::NG to version 2.21.0 or later, where this vulnerability has been addressed. If immediate upgrading is not feasible, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the 'tab' parameter to neutralize any injected scripts. Web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting the 'tab' parameter. Additionally, security teams should monitor authentication portal logs for unusual URL parameters or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Employing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help mitigate the impact of injected scripts by restricting script execution sources. Regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on authentication components are recommended to detect similar vulnerabilities. Finally, educating users about phishing and suspicious links can reduce the risk of successful exploitation via social engineering.

Description

In the portal in LemonLDAP::NG before 2.21.0, cross-site scripting (XSS) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML (into the login page) via the tab parameter, for Choice authentication.

Impact

For European organizations, exploitation of this XSS vulnerability can lead to significant security risks including theft of user credentials, session hijacking, and unauthorized access to protected resources. Since LemonLDAP::NG is often deployed in critical environments such as government portals, universities, and large enterprises, successful attacks could compromise sensitive personal data and internal systems. The vulnerability undermines the integrity of the authentication process, potentially allowing attackers to bypass security controls or impersonate legitimate users. This can result in data breaches, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), and reputational damage. The lack of required authentication or user interaction lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. Additionally, the scope change in the CVSS vector suggests that the vulnerability affects components beyond the immediate input handling, potentially impacting broader system security. Organizations using vulnerable versions must consider the risk of targeted attacks, especially in sectors with high-value data or critical infrastructure.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 16 Jan 2026, 18:05 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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