CVE-2025-3231 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.1 of the PHPGurukul Zoo Management System, specifically affecting the /aboutus.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input in the pagetitle and pagedes parameters, which are used in SQL queries. An attacker can remotely manipulate these parameters to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to or modification of the underlying database. The vulnerability does not require authentication, user interaction, or privileges, and can be exploited over the network, making it accessible to remote attackers. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the ease of exploitation and the limited but significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability's scope is limited to the affected version 2.1 of the product, and no public exploits are currently known in the wild. However, the disclosure of the vulnerability details increases the risk of exploitation. The lack of available patches or mitigation from the vendor at the time of publication further elevates the threat level for users of this system. SQL Injection vulnerabilities can lead to data leakage, data corruption, or even full system compromise depending on the database privileges and application architecture.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Zoo Management System 2.1, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data access or manipulation, which could lead to exposure of sensitive information such as animal records, staff data, or operational details. The integrity of the database could be compromised, potentially disrupting zoo operations or damaging organizational reputation. Given that the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication, attackers could leverage it to launch further attacks within the network or pivot to other systems. The impact is particularly relevant for organizations that rely on this system for critical operational management or public-facing information. Additionally, data breaches involving personal or sensitive data could trigger regulatory scrutiny under GDPR, leading to legal and financial consequences. The medium severity rating suggests that while the threat is significant, it may not lead to complete system takeover without additional vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the /aboutus.php page or the vulnerable parameters (pagetitle and pagedes) via web application firewall (WAF) rules that detect and block SQL injection patterns. 2. Implement input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied inputs, especially the pagetitle and pagedes parameters, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent injection. 3. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated access attempts to the vulnerable endpoint. 4. If possible, isolate the Zoo Management System in a segmented network zone to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 5. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. 6. Conduct a comprehensive security review of the entire application to identify and remediate other potential injection points. 7. Educate staff on incident response procedures in case of suspected exploitation. 8. Regularly back up the database and verify the integrity of backups to enable recovery from potential data corruption.