CVE-2025-33189 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability classified under CWE-787 found in the SROOT firmware component of NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 systems. This flaw allows an attacker with low-level privileges and local access to write outside the intended memory boundaries, potentially corrupting memory structures. Such memory corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution, enabling attackers to run malicious code with escalated privileges. Additionally, it can cause data tampering, denial of service by crashing the system or firmware, and information disclosure by reading sensitive memory areas. The vulnerability affects all DGX Spark versions prior to the OTA0 firmware update. The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and no requirement for user interaction. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the critical nature of the flaw in a specialized AI/HPC platform used in research and enterprise environments makes it a significant risk. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in November 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting necessitates immediate attention from affected organizations to monitor vendor updates and prepare for remediation.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-33189 is substantial, especially those leveraging NVIDIA DGX Spark systems for AI research, machine learning workloads, and high-performance computing. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, allowing attackers to manipulate or steal sensitive research data, disrupt critical computational tasks, or gain persistent footholds within secure environments. This could compromise intellectual property, delay research timelines, and cause operational downtime. The potential for privilege escalation increases the risk of broader network compromise. Given the high confidentiality and integrity impact, organizations handling sensitive or regulated data (e.g., healthcare, finance, government research) face increased compliance and reputational risks. The requirement for local access somewhat limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate insider threats or attacks via compromised internal systems. Denial of service could interrupt critical AI workloads, impacting service availability and business continuity.

1. Monitor NVIDIA’s official channels for the release of the OTA0 firmware update and apply it immediately upon availability to remediate the vulnerability. 2. Restrict physical and local access to DGX Spark systems to trusted personnel only, employing strict access controls and logging. 3. Implement network segmentation to isolate DGX Spark infrastructure from less secure network zones, reducing the risk of lateral movement. 4. Deploy host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) and firmware integrity monitoring tools to detect anomalous behavior or unauthorized firmware modifications. 5. Conduct regular audits of user privileges and remove unnecessary local access rights to minimize the attack surface. 6. Educate staff about the risks of insider threats and enforce policies to prevent unauthorized use of DGX Spark systems. 7. Prepare incident response plans specific to AI/HPC environments to quickly contain and remediate any exploitation attempts. 8. Consider deploying endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting exploitation techniques related to out-of-bounds memory writes.