The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-34413 affects the Legality WHISTLEBLOWING product developed by DigitalPA S.r.l. It stems from a protection mechanism failure where critical HTTP security headers are not emitted by default in affected deployments. These headers—Content-Security-Policy (CSP), Referrer-Policy, Permissions-Policy, Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy (COEP), Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy (COOP), and Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy (CORP)—are essential for enforcing browser-side security controls that mitigate various client-side attack vectors. The absence of these headers allows attackers to exploit weaknesses such as cross-site scripting (XSS), where malicious scripts can be injected and executed in the victim's browser; clickjacking, where users are tricked into clicking hidden or disguised UI elements; referer leakage, which can expose sensitive URL information to third parties; and cross-origin data disclosure, which can lead to unauthorized access to resources across origins. The product attempts to deliver CSP via HTML meta elements, but this method is inadequate compared to HTTP headers because meta tags are processed later and can be bypassed. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates the vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/AT:N), requires user interaction (UI:P), and has a high impact on confidentiality (VC:H) and low impact on integrity (VI:L), with no impact on availability. No patches or known exploits are currently reported, but the high severity score underscores the need for prompt remediation. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-693, which relates to protection mechanism failures that weaken security controls.

For European organizations, especially those involved in whistleblowing and compliance sectors, this vulnerability poses significant risks. The lack of critical HTTP security headers increases the likelihood of client-side attacks that can compromise sensitive whistleblowing data, potentially exposing identities, reports, or internal investigations. Confidentiality is the most affected security property, with possible unauthorized data disclosure through XSS or cross-origin attacks. Integrity risks arise from potential script injection or UI manipulation via clickjacking, which could mislead users or alter data presentation. The vulnerability does not directly affect availability but can undermine trust in the whistleblowing platform. Given the remote exploitability without authentication, attackers can target users of the affected systems broadly, increasing the attack surface. European organizations subject to strict data protection regulations such as GDPR may face legal and reputational consequences if such client-side attacks lead to data breaches. The impact is heightened in countries with strong whistleblowing frameworks and high adoption of DigitalPA products.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately configure their web servers or application delivery layers to emit the missing HTTP security headers with appropriate policies. Specifically, implement a robust Content-Security-Policy header that restricts sources of executable scripts and other resources to trusted domains, avoiding reliance on HTML meta tags for CSP enforcement. Add Referrer-Policy headers to control the amount of referrer information shared with third parties, minimizing data leakage. Deploy Permissions-Policy headers to restrict access to browser features and APIs that are unnecessary for the application. Enable Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy, Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy, and Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy headers to enforce strict cross-origin isolation and prevent unauthorized resource sharing. Regularly audit HTTP responses to verify the presence and correctness of these headers. Additionally, update or patch the Legality WHISTLEBLOWING product when DigitalPA releases fixes addressing this issue. Employ security testing tools such as automated scanners and browser security analyzers to detect missing headers and validate configurations. Educate developers and administrators on the importance of HTTP security headers and secure web application practices. Consider implementing Content Security Policy reporting to monitor violations and potential exploitation attempts.