CVE-2025-37158 is a command injection vulnerability identified in Hewlett Packard Enterprise's Aruba Networking AOS-CX operating system, specifically affecting versions 10.10.0000 through 10.16.0000. The vulnerability stems from improper input validation that allows an authenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands into the system, leading to remote code execution (RCE). The attack vector is local access to the management interface, requiring no privileges but with high attack complexity, indicating that exploitation is non-trivial and likely requires specific conditions or knowledge. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command), which typically involves injection flaws that can compromise system integrity and confidentiality. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the affected service, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or manipulation. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.7, reflecting medium severity with high confidentiality and integrity impact but no availability impact. No patches or exploits are currently publicly available, and no known exploitation in the wild has been reported. The vulnerability's presence in widely deployed network infrastructure devices like HPE Aruba switches makes it a significant concern for network security, especially in environments where these devices manage critical network traffic and security policies.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized command execution on critical network infrastructure devices, compromising the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data traversing or managed by these switches. Attackers gaining control could manipulate network configurations, intercept or redirect traffic, or create persistent backdoors, undermining network security and trust. The medium severity score reflects that while exploitation is complex and requires authenticated access, the potential damage to network operations and data confidentiality is substantial. Industries such as finance, telecommunications, government, and critical infrastructure operators in Europe that rely heavily on HPE Aruba networking equipment are particularly at risk. The lack of availability impact reduces the risk of denial-of-service conditions but does not diminish the threat of covert data breaches or network manipulation. Additionally, the absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation before active attacks emerge.

European organizations should immediately inventory their network devices to identify any running affected versions of HPE Aruba AOS-CX (10.10.0000 through 10.16.0000). Although no patches are currently listed, organizations should monitor HPE advisories closely for forthcoming updates and apply them promptly once available. In the interim, restrict access to management interfaces using network segmentation and strict access control lists (ACLs) to limit authenticated access only to trusted administrators. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all management access to reduce the risk of credential compromise. Regularly audit and monitor network device logs for unusual command execution or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Employ network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) tuned to detect anomalous behavior on management interfaces. Additionally, consider deploying virtual patching techniques such as firewall rules to block suspicious command injection payloads if feasible. Finally, conduct security awareness training for network administrators to recognize and respond to potential exploitation attempts.