CVE-2025-39204 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting Hitachi Energy's MicroSCADA X SYS600 product, specifically version 10.0. The vulnerability resides in the web interface's filtering query mechanism, which can be malformed to cause unauthorized data leakage. This is classified under CWE-200, indicating an exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor. The flaw allows an attacker with limited privileges (requires low privileges but no user interaction or authentication) to craft specially malformed queries that bypass intended access controls and retrieve sensitive information that should otherwise be restricted. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.5, reflecting its high impact and ease of exploitation. The vector string (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no attack or user interaction required, partial privileges needed, and high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability impact. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality of sensitive operational data managed by MicroSCADA X SYS600, a critical industrial control system (ICS) platform widely used in energy sector infrastructure for supervisory control and data acquisition. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been released yet. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive operational data, potentially exposing critical infrastructure information that could be leveraged for further attacks or espionage. Given the critical role of MicroSCADA X in energy management and grid operations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality of industrial control environments.

For European organizations, especially those operating in the energy sector, this vulnerability presents a substantial risk. MicroSCADA X SYS600 is deployed in supervisory control and data acquisition systems that manage critical energy infrastructure such as power grids, substations, and energy distribution networks. Unauthorized exposure of sensitive operational data could lead to intelligence gathering by threat actors, enabling targeted attacks on energy infrastructure or industrial espionage. The confidentiality breach could undermine trust in operational data integrity and potentially facilitate subsequent attacks that disrupt energy supply or cause safety hazards. Given the strategic importance of energy infrastructure in Europe and the increasing geopolitical tensions affecting the region, exploitation of this vulnerability could have cascading effects on national security and economic stability. Furthermore, the vulnerability requires only low privileges and no user interaction, increasing the likelihood of exploitation by insider threats or remote attackers who have gained limited access. The lack of available patches at present increases the window of exposure for affected organizations.

1. Immediate network segmentation: Isolate MicroSCADA X SYS600 web interfaces from general corporate networks and restrict access to trusted administrative hosts only, using strict firewall rules and network access controls. 2. Implement strict access control policies: Enforce the principle of least privilege for all users with access to the MicroSCADA system, ensuring that only necessary personnel have even low-level privileges. 3. Monitor and log all access to the MicroSCADA web interface, with particular attention to unusual query patterns that may indicate attempts to exploit malformed filtering queries. 4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block malformed query patterns targeting the filtering mechanism. 5. Engage with Hitachi Energy for timely updates and patches; prioritize patching as soon as a fix is released. 6. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on the MicroSCADA environment to identify potential exploitation attempts or other vulnerabilities. 7. Educate operational technology (OT) security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving data leakage from ICS web interfaces. 8. Consider implementing additional encryption and data masking techniques within the SCADA environment to reduce the impact of any potential data exposure.