VulnerabilityPublished 24 Jun 2025Updated 1 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-39205: Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA X SYS600 · Improper Certificate Validation

Affects Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA X SYS600Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 9% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 24 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA X SYS600	Affected =10.3	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediate network segmentation: Isolate MicroSCADA X SYS600 systems from general IT networks and restrict access to only trusted and authenticated devices to reduce the risk of attackers gaining the necessary privileges.
Implement strict access controls and monitor privileged accounts to detect any unauthorized access attempts that could lead to exploitation.
Use additional network-level encryption or VPN tunnels to protect communications even if TLS certificate validation is flawed.
Regularly audit and monitor network traffic for anomalies indicative of MitM attacks, such as unexpected certificate changes or unusual communication patterns.
Engage with Hitachi Energy for timely updates and patches; prioritize applying any forthcoming security patches addressing this vulnerability.
Conduct internal penetration testing and vulnerability assessments focusing on TLS implementations and certificate validation mechanisms within the operational technology environment.
Train operational technology (OT) security teams to recognize and respond to potential MitM attack indicators.
Consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tailored for OT environments to detect suspicious TLS handshake anomalies.

Description

A vulnerability exists in the IEC 61850 in MicroSCADA X SYS600 product. The certificate validation of the TLS protocol allows remote Man-in-the-Middle attack due to missing proper validation.

Impact

For European organizations, particularly those involved in energy production, transmission, and distribution, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. MicroSCADA X SYS600 is used in electrical substations and grid management, which are critical infrastructure components. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized interception of sensitive control commands or operational data, potentially enabling attackers to gather intelligence or prepare for further attacks on the power grid. Although the vulnerability does not directly allow integrity or availability attacks, the confidentiality breach alone could have serious consequences, including exposure of operational details to hostile actors. This could undermine trust in grid operations and potentially facilitate more severe attacks such as sabotage or disruption. European energy operators are increasingly targeted by sophisticated threat actors, including state-sponsored groups, making this vulnerability particularly concerning. The requirement for some privileges to exploit means that attackers might need to gain initial footholds within the network, emphasizing the importance of internal network security. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for mitigation before active exploitation occurs.

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessOWASP Top 10 A07:2025: Authentication Failures (opens in a new tab)
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
Architecture and Design · Implementation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Implementation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Transport Layer Protection (opens in a new tab)
TLS Cipher String (opens in a new tab)
OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V9.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
V1.9.2 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate (opens in a new tab)
Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentID=8DBD000218&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 2 Oct 2025, 00:17 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-295

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats