CVE-2025-39359 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-98, which pertains to improper control of filenames used in include or require statements within PHP programs. Specifically, this vulnerability affects the Code Work Web (CWW) Portfolio product up to version 1.3.1. The issue arises because the application does not properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input that determines the filename to be included or required by the PHP script. This flaw enables a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) attack, where an attacker can manipulate the input to include arbitrary files from the local filesystem. While the vulnerability is described as a remote file inclusion type, the details specify local file inclusion, meaning the attacker cannot directly include remote files but can access files present on the server. Exploiting this vulnerability could allow an attacker to read sensitive files, such as configuration files containing credentials, or potentially execute arbitrary code if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. The vulnerability does not currently have any known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been published as of the information date. The vulnerability was reserved and published in April 2025, indicating it is a recent discovery. The lack of patch links suggests that users of CWW Portfolio should be vigilant and consider mitigation strategies proactively. The vulnerability's medium severity rating reflects a moderate risk level, considering the potential impact and exploitation complexity. Since the vulnerability requires the attacker to control or influence the filename parameter used in include/require statements, it implies that some level of user input is involved, but it does not necessarily require authentication or user interaction beyond sending crafted requests. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality and potentially the integrity of the system by enabling unauthorized file access and possible code execution vectors.

For European organizations using the CWW Portfolio product, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information stored on web servers, such as database credentials, internal configuration files, or user data. This can result in data breaches, compliance violations (e.g., GDPR), and reputational damage. Additionally, if attackers chain this vulnerability with others, they might achieve remote code execution, leading to full system compromise. The impact is particularly significant for organizations in sectors with high data sensitivity, such as finance, healthcare, and government. Since CWW Portfolio is a web-based portfolio management tool, organizations relying on it for client-facing or internal portfolio management may face operational disruptions if exploited. The medium severity suggests that while exploitation is feasible, it may require some attacker knowledge or access to specific input vectors. However, the absence of known exploits means the threat is currently theoretical but should not be underestimated. European organizations with limited patch management capabilities or those using outdated versions of CWW Portfolio are at higher risk. The vulnerability could also be leveraged for lateral movement within networks if attackers gain initial footholds through this flaw.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the vulnerable application to trusted networks or VPNs to reduce exposure. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters that influence file inclusion, ensuring only allowed filenames or paths are accepted. 3. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block attempts to exploit file inclusion vulnerabilities, including suspicious path traversal patterns. 4. Conduct code reviews and audits of the CWW Portfolio source code to identify and remediate unsafe include/require statements. 5. If possible, disable dynamic file inclusion features or refactor the application to avoid using user input in include/require statements altogether. 6. Monitor application logs for unusual requests that attempt to access local files or include unexpected files. 7. Segregate the web server environment to limit the impact of a successful exploit, such as using containerization or sandboxing. 8. Engage with the vendor (Code Work Web) for updates or patches and subscribe to security advisories for timely notifications. 9. Educate developers and administrators about secure coding practices related to file inclusion vulnerabilities. 10. As a longer-term measure, consider alternative portfolio management solutions if the vendor does not provide timely fixes.