CVE-2025-3936 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-732, which pertains to Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resources. This issue affects the Tridium Niagara Framework and Niagara Enterprise Security products running on Windows platforms. Specifically, versions prior to 4.14.2, 4.15.1, and 4.10.11 are vulnerable. The vulnerability arises due to improperly configured access control security levels, allowing users with limited privileges (low privilege) to exploit these misconfigurations and gain unauthorized read access to critical resources. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5 (medium severity), with the vector indicating local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring low privileges (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and a scope change (S:C). The impact primarily affects confidentiality (high), with no direct impact on integrity or availability. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require local access and some level of privileges, which means an attacker must already have some foothold on the system. The scope change indicates that the vulnerability allows access beyond the initially compromised security boundary, potentially exposing sensitive information across components. Tridium recommends upgrading to patched versions 4.14.2u2, 4.15.u1, or 4.10u.11 to remediate this issue. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature suggests that it could be leveraged for information disclosure or reconnaissance within industrial control environments that use Niagara Framework for building automation and control systems.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-3936 can be significant, especially for those relying on the Niagara Framework for building management, industrial automation, and critical infrastructure control. The confidentiality breach could expose sensitive operational data, system configurations, or security settings, which adversaries could use to plan further attacks or disrupt operations indirectly. Given that many European countries have stringent data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR), unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data could also lead to compliance violations and financial penalties. Furthermore, the Niagara Framework is widely used in smart buildings, energy management, and manufacturing sectors, which are critical to European economies and urban infrastructure. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could gain insights into system architectures, potentially facilitating lateral movement or targeted attacks on critical systems. Although the vulnerability does not directly impact system integrity or availability, the exposure of critical information can undermine trust in operational technology (OT) environments and increase the risk of subsequent attacks.

1. Immediate upgrade to the fixed versions recommended by Tridium: Niagara Framework and Enterprise Security versions 4.14.2u2, 4.15.u1, or 4.10u.11. 2. Conduct a thorough audit of access control configurations within the Niagara Framework environment to ensure that permissions are correctly assigned and that no excessive privileges are granted to low-privilege users. 3. Implement strict network segmentation to limit local access to systems running the Niagara Framework, reducing the attack surface for local privilege exploitation. 4. Employ robust monitoring and logging of access to critical resources within the Niagara environment to detect unusual access patterns or attempts to exploit permission misconfigurations. 5. Enforce the principle of least privilege for all users and service accounts interacting with the Niagara Framework. 6. Regularly review and update security policies and conduct security awareness training for administrators managing these systems to prevent misconfigurations. 7. Consider deploying host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) on critical Niagara servers to detect anomalous local activities that could indicate exploitation attempts.