The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-39380 affects the mojoomla Hospital Management System and is classified under CWE-434, which pertains to the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. This vulnerability allows an attacker to upload a malicious file, such as a web shell, directly to the web server hosting the application. Because the system does not properly restrict or validate the types of files that can be uploaded, an attacker can exploit this flaw to gain unauthorized remote code execution capabilities. The vulnerability affects all versions of the mojoomla Hospital Management System up to version 47.0 (dated 20-11-2023). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 10.0, indicating a critical severity level. The vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) reveals that the attack can be performed remotely over the network without any privileges or user interaction, and it results in a complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system. The scope is changed, meaning the vulnerability affects components beyond the initially vulnerable component, likely the underlying server or network infrastructure. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the critical nature and ease of exploitation make this a high-risk vulnerability. The lack of available patches at the time of publication further increases the urgency for mitigation. Given that this vulnerability targets a Hospital Management System, the potential for severe disruption to healthcare services and exposure of sensitive patient data is significant.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using the mojoomla Hospital Management System, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive patient records, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. The ability to upload a web shell enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to ransomware deployment, data destruction, or lateral movement within the network. This could disrupt critical healthcare operations, endanger patient safety, and damage organizational reputation. The criticality of healthcare infrastructure in Europe means that such an attack could have cascading effects on public health services. Additionally, the compromise of hospital systems may be leveraged for espionage or sabotage, especially in countries with heightened geopolitical tensions. The absence of patches necessitates immediate risk management and compensating controls to protect sensitive environments.

1. Immediate implementation of network-level protections such as web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block malicious file uploads and web shell signatures. 2. Restrict file upload functionality to authenticated and authorized users only, if possible, and implement strict server-side validation of file types, sizes, and content. 3. Employ application-layer filtering to whitelist acceptable file extensions and use content inspection to detect embedded malicious code. 4. Isolate the Hospital Management System in a segmented network zone with minimal access to other critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement. 5. Monitor server logs and network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts, including unexpected file uploads or command execution patterns. 6. Prepare incident response plans specific to web shell detection and removal, including backups and system restoration procedures. 7. Engage with mojoomla vendor or community to obtain patches or updates as soon as they become available and prioritize their deployment. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on file upload mechanisms and web server security. 9. Educate system administrators and security teams about this vulnerability and the importance of rapid detection and response.