CVE-2025-3974 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, specifically in the /edit-phlebotomist.php endpoint where the 'mobilenumber' parameter is improperly sanitized. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL code through the 'mobilenumber' argument, potentially manipulating backend database queries. The vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation and parameterized query usage, enabling attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data stored in the database. Although the CVSS 4.0 score rates this vulnerability as medium (6.9) due to limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, the exploit requires no authentication or user interaction and can be triggered remotely, increasing its risk profile. The disclosure indicates that other parameters may also be vulnerable, suggesting a broader insecure coding practice in the affected application. No patches have been published yet, and no known exploits are reported in the wild, but public disclosure increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System is used to manage COVID-19 testing workflows, including patient data and phlebotomist details, making the confidentiality and integrity of health data a critical concern. The vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive health information, data tampering, or disruption of testing operations if exploited.

For European organizations, especially healthcare providers, public health authorities, and laboratories using the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to patient data confidentiality and operational integrity. Unauthorized database access could expose personal health information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, leading to legal and financial repercussions. Data manipulation could disrupt COVID-19 testing workflows, impacting public health responses and trust in health systems. Given the critical nature of pandemic management infrastructure, exploitation could also undermine epidemiological data accuracy and reporting. The medium severity rating suggests limited direct impact on system availability, but the potential for data breaches and integrity loss is substantial. Organizations relying on this system must consider the risk of targeted attacks aiming to extract or alter sensitive health data or disrupt testing services, which could have cascading effects on healthcare delivery and public health monitoring in Europe.

1. Immediate code review and remediation: Developers should audit the /edit-phlebotomist.php script and all input handling routines to implement proper input validation and use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. 2. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable parameters, especially 'mobilenumber'. 3. Conduct thorough penetration testing and code audits on all modules of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System to identify and fix other potential injection points. 4. Implement strict access controls and network segmentation to limit exposure of the management system to only trusted internal networks or VPNs. 5. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated access attempts to /edit-phlebotomist.php and related endpoints. 6. Prepare incident response plans specific to data breaches involving health information, including notification procedures compliant with GDPR. 7. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches and apply them promptly once available. 8. Consider temporary mitigation by disabling or restricting access to vulnerable functionalities if patching is delayed. 9. Educate system administrators and users about the risks and signs of exploitation attempts to enhance detection and response capabilities.