CVE-2025-3976 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, specifically within the /new-user-testing.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'mobilenumber' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This flaw can potentially be exploited to manipulate the backend database, leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. Given that other parameters might also be vulnerable, the attack surface could be broader than initially identified. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits have been observed in the wild yet. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no privileges or user interaction required. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated as low individually, but combined they represent a significant risk to the system's security posture. The vulnerability affects a specialized healthcare management system used for COVID19 testing data, which may contain sensitive personal and health information, making the exploitation potentially damaging in terms of privacy and operational disruption.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive health data, including personal identifiers and COVID19 test results. Exploitation could lead to data breaches violating GDPR and other privacy regulations, resulting in legal and reputational consequences. Additionally, attackers could alter or delete testing data, undermining the reliability of public health responses and potentially causing operational disruptions in healthcare services. Given the critical nature of pandemic-related data, such compromises could erode public trust and hamper efforts to control outbreaks. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the likelihood of attacks, especially in environments where the system is exposed to the internet or insufficiently segmented networks.

Apply input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) to the 'mobilenumber' parameter and all other user-supplied inputs in the /new-user-testing.php script to prevent SQL injection. Conduct a comprehensive code audit of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System to identify and remediate other potential injection points beyond the known parameter. Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the affected endpoints. Restrict network access to the COVID19 Testing Management System to trusted internal networks or VPNs, minimizing exposure to external attackers. Regularly monitor and analyze logs for suspicious database queries or unusual application behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain patches or updated versions addressing this vulnerability; if unavailable, consider isolating or replacing the affected system. Ensure backups of critical data are maintained and tested to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss. Train IT and security staff on the specific risks associated with this system and vulnerability to improve detection and response capabilities.