CVE-2025-4020 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Old Age Home Management System, specifically within the /contact.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'fname' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious input that can manipulate backend SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or disruption of database operations. The vulnerability is classified as medium severity with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, reflecting its network attack vector, low attack complexity, no required privileges or user interaction, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although the exploit has been publicly disclosed, no known active exploitation in the wild has been reported to date. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters beyond 'fname', indicating a broader input validation issue within the application. Given the nature of the affected system—a management platform for old age homes—compromise could expose sensitive personal and health-related data of elderly residents, staff, and associated entities. The lack of available patches or vendor-provided mitigations increases the urgency for organizations using this software to implement protective measures promptly.

For European organizations operating old age home facilities or healthcare providers utilizing the PHPGurukul Old Age Home Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information (PII), including sensitive health data, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations. Data integrity could be compromised, resulting in inaccurate resident records or operational disruptions. Availability impacts, while limited, could affect critical communication or management functions if database operations are manipulated or corrupted. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the attack surface, especially for facilities with internet-facing contact forms or portals. The potential reputational damage and regulatory penalties from data breaches in the healthcare sector further elevate the threat's seriousness. Although no active exploitation is currently known, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, particularly targeting smaller or less-secure institutions that may lack robust cybersecurity defenses.

Implement immediate input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially the 'fname' parameter and other form inputs in /contact.php, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Conduct a comprehensive code audit of the entire application to identify and remediate similar injection vulnerabilities in other parameters or modules. If vendor patches or updates become available, prioritize their deployment after testing in a controlled environment. Restrict direct internet access to the management system's contact forms by implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection and blocking capabilities. Deploy network segmentation to isolate the management system from other critical infrastructure and sensitive databases. Enable detailed logging and monitoring of database queries and web application traffic to detect anomalous activities indicative of injection attempts. Educate staff on the risks of using outdated software and encourage timely updates or migration to supported platforms with active security maintenance. Consider implementing multi-factor authentication and role-based access controls within the management system to limit potential damage from compromised accounts, even though this vulnerability does not require authentication.