CVE-2025-4021 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Patient Record Management System, specifically affecting the /edit_spatient.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' parameter, which is used in SQL queries. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially altering the intended database queries. This can lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion within the patient records database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited remotely without authentication, increasing its risk profile. Although the CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), the classification as critical by the vendor suggests the potential for significant impact, especially given the sensitive nature of healthcare data. The vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability to varying degrees, as attackers could extract sensitive patient information, corrupt records, or disrupt system functionality. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, but the exploit details have been disclosed publicly, raising the risk of future exploitation. No patches or mitigations have been officially released yet, and the vulnerability is present in the initial release (1.0) of the product, indicating that all deployments using this version are at risk. The lack of authentication requirement and remote exploitability make this vulnerability particularly concerning for healthcare providers relying on this system for patient data management.

For European organizations, especially healthcare providers and institutions using the code-projects Patient Record Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to patient data confidentiality and system integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal health information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, potentially resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. Integrity of patient records could be compromised, affecting clinical decision-making and patient safety. Availability impacts could disrupt healthcare services, delaying treatments and administrative processes. Given the critical nature of healthcare data and the strict regulatory environment in Europe, even a medium CVSS score vulnerability can have outsized consequences. Additionally, the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the likelihood of attacks, especially from opportunistic or targeted threat actors. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for mitigation, but the public disclosure of the vulnerability details elevates the urgency for European organizations to act promptly.

Immediately audit all instances of code-projects Patient Record Management System version 1.0 to identify affected deployments. Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /edit_spatient.php file to sanitize the 'ID' parameter and prevent SQL injection. If source code modification is not feasible, deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'ID' parameter. Restrict network access to the Patient Record Management System to trusted internal networks and VPNs to reduce exposure to remote attacks. Monitor system logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated access attempts to /edit_spatient.php with suspicious parameters. Develop and test patches internally if vendor patches are unavailable, prioritizing secure coding practices for database interactions. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include procedures for SQL injection incidents. Plan for an upgrade or migration to a patched or newer version of the Patient Record Management System once available.