CVE-2025-4028 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, specifically within the /profile.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'mobilenumber' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This injection can manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion. The vulnerability is classified as medium severity with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, reflecting its network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no privileges or user interaction needed. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low individually but combined can lead to significant compromise of the system's data. Although the exploit has been publicly disclosed, there are no confirmed reports of active exploitation in the wild. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters beyond 'mobilenumber', indicating a broader issue with input validation in the affected system. Given that this system manages sensitive COVID19 testing data, exploitation could expose personal health information and disrupt critical public health operations.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive health data, including personal identifiers and COVID19 test results. Such data breaches could lead to privacy violations under GDPR, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Integrity of test data could be compromised, potentially affecting public health decisions and contact tracing efforts. Availability impacts could arise if attackers manipulate or delete data, disrupting testing workflows and reporting. Given the critical nature of pandemic response systems, any disruption or data compromise could undermine public trust and hamper health authorities' ability to manage outbreaks effectively. The medium severity rating suggests that while exploitation is feasible, the overall impact may be contained if mitigations are promptly applied. However, the public disclosure of the exploit increases the urgency for European entities to address this vulnerability to prevent potential targeted attacks.

1. Immediate application of input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the /profile.php script to sanitize the 'mobilenumber' parameter and any other user inputs. 2. Conduct a comprehensive code audit of the PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System to identify and remediate other potential SQL injection points. 3. Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the affected endpoints. 4. Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of a successful injection attack. 5. Monitor application logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. 6. Where possible, isolate the COVID19 Testing Management System network segment to reduce exposure. 7. Engage with the vendor or community for patches or updated versions addressing this vulnerability. 8. Educate system administrators and developers on secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities in future deployments.