CVE-2025-4072 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Online Nurse Hiring System, specifically within the /admin/edit-nurse.php file. This vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input parameters, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code into backend database queries. The injection flaw can be triggered remotely without requiring user interaction, and it requires low privileges (limited to authenticated users with some level of access, as indicated by PR:L). Multiple parameters may be vulnerable, increasing the attack surface. The SQL Injection could lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system's data. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed but no known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the moderate impact and ease of exploitation without user interaction but requiring some privileges. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and does not affect system confidentiality, integrity, or availability at a high level, but the partial impact on these security properties is notable. The lack of available patches or mitigations from the vendor increases the risk for organizations using this software version.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Online Nurse Hiring System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Given that the system is used for nurse hiring, it likely contains sensitive personal data including healthcare-related information, candidate credentials, and possibly internal HR data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal data, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial repercussions. Integrity of hiring records could be compromised, leading to manipulation of candidate information or hiring decisions. Availability impact is limited but possible if the database is corrupted or queries are manipulated to cause denial of service. Healthcare and recruitment sectors in Europe are highly regulated and targeted by cybercriminals, so this vulnerability could be leveraged for espionage, fraud, or sabotage. The requirement for authenticated access reduces the risk from external unauthenticated attackers but insider threats or compromised accounts could be leveraged. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but public disclosure increases the likelihood of future exploitation attempts. Organizations relying on this system should consider the sensitivity of the data and the criticality of the hiring process in their risk assessments.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the /admin/edit-nurse.php interface to trusted administrators only, ideally through network segmentation and IP whitelisting. 2. Implement strict input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the affected PHP code to prevent SQL Injection. 3. Conduct a thorough code audit of all input handling in the application, especially in admin modules, to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. 4. Monitor database logs for unusual queries or access patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Enforce strong authentication and session management controls to reduce the risk from compromised credentials. 6. If possible, upgrade to a patched or newer version of the software once available; if no patch exists, consider migrating to alternative solutions with better security posture. 7. Regularly back up databases and test restoration procedures to mitigate potential data loss or corruption. 8. Train administrators and developers on secure coding practices and the risks of SQL Injection. 9. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules tuned to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting this system. 10. Review and ensure compliance with GDPR and other relevant data protection regulations, including breach notification procedures.