CVE-2025-4078 is a path traversal vulnerability identified in the Wangshen SecGate 3600 device, specifically affecting version 2400. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of the 'file_name' parameter within the file processing functionality associated with the query parameter '?g=log_export_file'. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to traverse directories outside the intended file path scope, potentially accessing sensitive files on the device's filesystem. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring user interaction or authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability is classified as medium severity with a CVSS score of 5.3. The impact is primarily on confidentiality, as unauthorized file access could expose sensitive logs or configuration files. Integrity and availability impacts are minimal or not indicated. No known exploits are currently observed in the wild, and no official patches or mitigations have been published by the vendor at this time. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on April 29, 2025, and is enriched by CISA data, indicating recognition by US cybersecurity authorities. The Wangshen SecGate 3600 is a network security appliance, likely used in perimeter defense or internal network segmentation, making it a critical component in organizational security infrastructure. The path traversal flaw could allow attackers to bypass intended access controls and extract sensitive information, potentially aiding further attacks or reconnaissance.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-4078 could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information stored on Wangshen SecGate 3600 devices, such as security logs, configuration files, or credentials. This exposure could facilitate lateral movement within networks, enable attackers to evade detection, or compromise other systems. Given the device's role in network security, such a breach could undermine the overall security posture, increasing risk of data breaches or service disruptions. Organizations in sectors with stringent data protection requirements (e.g., finance, healthcare, critical infrastructure) may face regulatory and reputational consequences if sensitive data is leaked. Although the vulnerability does not directly impact system availability or integrity, the confidentiality breach alone is significant. The medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, but the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements increases the likelihood of exploitation. European entities relying on Wangshen SecGate 3600 for network security should consider this vulnerability a notable threat vector, especially in environments where the device is exposed to untrusted networks or the internet.

1. Network Segmentation: Restrict access to the management interfaces of Wangshen SecGate 3600 devices to trusted internal networks only, using firewall rules and access control lists to prevent remote exploitation from untrusted sources. 2. Monitoring and Logging: Implement enhanced monitoring of device logs and network traffic for unusual file access patterns or attempts to exploit the 'file_name' parameter, enabling early detection of exploitation attempts. 3. Vendor Engagement: Engage with Wangshen to obtain official patches or firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-4078. If unavailable, consider temporary mitigations such as disabling or restricting the vulnerable log export functionality if possible. 4. Access Controls: Enforce strict privilege separation on the device, ensuring that processes handling file exports operate with the least privileges necessary to limit the impact of exploitation. 5. Incident Response Preparation: Prepare incident response plans specific to this vulnerability, including steps to isolate affected devices and conduct forensic analysis if exploitation is suspected. 6. Network Exposure Reduction: Avoid exposing the SecGate 3600 management interfaces directly to the internet or untrusted networks; use VPNs or secure management channels where remote access is necessary. 7. Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments on network security appliances to identify and remediate similar issues proactively.