CVE-2025-4080 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Online Nurse Hiring System, specifically within the /admin/view-request.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'viewid' parameter, which is manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network without prior authentication, increasing its accessibility to attackers. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low privileges required and no user interaction needed. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, and no official patches or mitigations have been published yet. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The Online Nurse Hiring System is a specialized web application used for managing nurse recruitment processes, likely containing sensitive personal and professional data of applicants and healthcare institutions. The SQL Injection could allow attackers to extract sensitive data, modify or delete records, or potentially escalate privileges within the system, leading to data breaches or disruption of hiring operations.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers and recruitment agencies using the PHPGurukul Online Nurse Hiring System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive personal and professional data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of applicant information, manipulation of hiring records, and disruption of recruitment workflows. Such breaches could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, leading to legal penalties and reputational damage. The medium CVSS score suggests a moderate risk; however, the critical nature of healthcare data elevates the potential impact. Additionally, compromised systems could serve as footholds for further attacks within healthcare networks, potentially affecting patient care indirectly. The absence of authentication requirements for exploitation increases the attack surface, making remote attacks feasible without insider access. Given the specialized nature of the product, the impact is concentrated on organizations directly using this system, but supply chain or third-party service providers could also be affected if integrated with other healthcare IT infrastructure.

Implement immediate input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) for the 'viewid' parameter in /admin/view-request.php to prevent SQL Injection. Conduct a comprehensive security review of the entire codebase to identify and remediate similar injection flaws or other input validation issues. If patching is not immediately available, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL Injection patterns targeting the 'viewid' parameter. Restrict access to the /admin/view-request.php endpoint by IP whitelisting or VPN access to reduce exposure to remote attackers. Monitor web server and database logs for unusual query patterns or repeated access attempts to the vulnerable parameter to detect exploitation attempts early. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop official patches and update the system promptly once available. Implement database user privilege restrictions to limit the impact of a successful SQL Injection, ensuring the application uses least privilege principles. Educate system administrators and developers about secure coding practices and the importance of input sanitization to prevent similar vulnerabilities.