CVE-2025-41041 is a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in appRain CMF version 4.0.5. This vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of user input during web page generation, specifically within the parameters 'data[code]', 'data[lang][0][key]', 'data[lang][0][value]', 'data[lang][1][key]', and 'data[title]' in the /apprain/developer/language/default.xml endpoint. The flaw allows an authenticated user to inject malicious scripts that are stored on the server and subsequently executed in the browsers of other users who access the affected pages. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, indicating failure to properly sanitize or encode input before rendering it in a web page context. According to the CVSS v4.0 vector, the attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L, meaning limited privileges but no elevated ones), and requires user interaction (UI:P). The vulnerability does not impact confidentiality, integrity, or availability directly but can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or other malicious actions via script execution. The scope is limited but can affect multiple users if exploited. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was published on September 4, 2025, and assigned a medium severity score of 5.1 out of 10.

For European organizations using appRain CMF 4.0.5, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Stored XSS can lead to unauthorized script execution in users' browsers, potentially compromising user sessions, stealing sensitive information, or performing actions on behalf of users. This is particularly concerning for organizations handling sensitive data or providing critical services through web applications built on appRain CMF. The requirement for authenticated access limits the attack surface to users with some level of access, but insider threats or compromised accounts could be leveraged. The impact on confidentiality and integrity is indirect but significant in scenarios involving sensitive user data or administrative functions. Availability is not directly affected. Given the lack of known exploits, the immediate risk is moderate, but the vulnerability could be weaponized if exploited in targeted attacks against European entities. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure using appRain CMF should be especially vigilant.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should: 1) Immediately review and restrict access to the /apprain/developer/language/default.xml endpoint, limiting it to trusted administrators only. 2) Implement strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data, especially the affected parameters, to neutralize potentially malicious scripts. 3) Monitor logs for unusual activity or attempts to inject scripts via the specified parameters. 4) Apply any vendor-provided patches or updates as soon as they become available. 5) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block XSS payloads targeting these parameters. 6) Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on authenticated user input vectors. 7) Educate users with authenticated access about the risks of XSS and encourage strong credential hygiene to reduce the risk of account compromise.