CVE-2025-41060 is a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in appRain CMF version 4.0.5. The vulnerability arises due to improper neutralization of user input during web page generation, specifically within the parameters 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' in the endpoint /apprain/developer/addons/update/tree. This flaw allows an authenticated user with limited privileges to inject malicious scripts that are persistently stored and subsequently executed in the context of other users or administrators accessing the affected functionality. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, which pertains to improper input validation leading to XSS attacks. The CVSS v4.0 base score is 5.1, indicating a medium severity level. The vector details highlight that the attack can be performed remotely over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), does not require authentication (AT:N) but does require a low privilege user (PR:L) and some user interaction (UI:P). The impact is limited to integrity and availability with low scope change. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser, potentially leading to session hijacking, defacement, or unauthorized actions within the appRain CMF environment.

For European organizations using appRain CMF 4.0.5, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Since exploitation requires authenticated access with low privileges and some user interaction, internal threat actors or compromised user accounts could leverage this flaw to escalate privileges or perform unauthorized actions. The persistent nature of the XSS means malicious scripts could affect multiple users, including administrators, potentially leading to data leakage, session hijacking, or manipulation of content. This could disrupt business operations, damage reputation, and lead to compliance issues under regulations like GDPR if personal data is exposed. Given that appRain CMF is a content management framework, organizations relying on it for web applications or portals may face risks to the integrity and availability of their web services. The medium severity suggests that while the vulnerability is not critical, it should be addressed promptly to prevent exploitation, especially in environments with sensitive data or high user interaction.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the affected endpoint (/apprain/developer/addons/update/tree) to trusted administrators only, minimizing the attack surface. 2. Implement strict input validation and output encoding on the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters to neutralize malicious scripts before storage and rendering. 3. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. 4. Monitor logs for suspicious activities related to these parameters and unusual user behavior. 5. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing on all user input handling in the appRain CMF environment. 6. Since no official patch is currently available, consider temporary workarounds such as disabling the vulnerable functionality if feasible. 7. Educate users and administrators about the risks of XSS and encourage the use of multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk of account compromise. 8. Stay updated with vendor advisories for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once released.