CVE-2025-41061 is a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in appRain CMF version 4.0.5, a content management framework used for building web applications. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of user input during web page generation, specifically within the parameters 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' in the endpoint /apprain/developer/addons/update/uploadify. Because these parameters are not properly validated or sanitized, an authenticated attacker can inject malicious scripts that are stored on the server and executed in the context of other users' browsers when they access affected pages. This stored XSS flaw allows attackers to perform actions such as session hijacking, defacement, or delivering further payloads to users with elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have some level of privileges (low privileges) and user interaction (victim must visit the malicious content), but no authentication bypass or complex conditions are needed. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required (though the description mentions low privileges), and user interaction required. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The CWE classification is CWE-79, which corresponds to improper neutralization of input leading to XSS. This vulnerability is significant because stored XSS can lead to persistent compromise of user sessions and data integrity within the appRain CMF environment.

For European organizations using appRain CMF 4.0.5, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Stored XSS can compromise the confidentiality and integrity of user data by enabling attackers to steal session cookies, perform actions on behalf of users, or inject malicious content that could lead to phishing or malware distribution. Organizations relying on appRain CMF for internal or customer-facing applications may face reputational damage, data breaches, and regulatory compliance issues under GDPR if personal data is exposed or manipulated. The requirement for low privileges means that even less-privileged insiders or compromised accounts could exploit this flaw, increasing the attack surface. The need for user interaction (victim visiting a malicious page) limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments with many users. The lack of known exploits in the wild suggests limited current threat but also highlights the importance of proactive mitigation before attackers develop weaponized payloads.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Apply strict input validation and output encoding on the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters at the application level, ensuring that any user-supplied data is sanitized to remove or encode HTML and script elements. 2) Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of inline scripts and limit the domains from which scripts can be loaded, reducing the impact of any injected scripts. 3) Restrict access to the /apprain/developer/addons/update/uploadify endpoint to trusted users only, and monitor logs for unusual activity or parameter values indicative of attempted exploitation. 4) Educate users to avoid clicking on suspicious links and implement multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk from compromised accounts. 5) Regularly review and update the appRain CMF to newer versions once patches become available, and subscribe to vendor advisories for timely updates. 6) Use web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting common XSS payloads to detect and block malicious requests targeting these parameters.