CVE-2025-4109 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System, specifically within the /admin/edit-subadmin.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization and validation of the 'mobilenumber' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This flaw can potentially be exploited to manipulate backend database queries, leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even deletion. Although the CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), the vulnerability's characteristics—remote exploitability and lack of authentication—make it a significant risk. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters, indicating a broader input validation issue within the application. No public exploits are currently known to be actively used in the wild, but the exploit details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system's data, particularly sensitive enrollment and administrative information stored in the database. Given the nature of the affected software—a pre-school enrollment system—the data could include personally identifiable information (PII) of children and parents, which raises privacy concerns and regulatory implications under GDPR for European organizations using this system.

For European organizations, the exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal data, including children's and parents' information, violating GDPR requirements and potentially resulting in significant regulatory fines and reputational damage. Integrity of enrollment data could be compromised, leading to incorrect or fraudulent enrollment records, which may disrupt school operations and trust. Availability could also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands, causing denial of service or data loss. Since the system is used in educational institutions, the impact extends to operational disruption in schools and administrative burdens in recovery and incident response. The medium CVSS score may underestimate the real-world impact due to the sensitivity of the data involved and the lack of authentication required for exploitation. Organizations relying on PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System 1.0 should consider this a priority vulnerability to address.

1. Immediate application of input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the /admin/edit-subadmin.php script to sanitize the 'mobilenumber' parameter and any other user inputs. 2. Conduct a thorough code review of the entire application to identify and remediate similar SQL injection vulnerabilities in other parameters or modules. 3. Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules specifically targeting SQL injection patterns related to the vulnerable parameters as an interim protective measure. 4. Restrict access to the administrative interface by IP whitelisting or VPN to reduce exposure. 5. Monitor database logs and application logs for suspicious query patterns indicative of SQL injection attempts. 6. Develop and test a patch or upgrade to a newer, secure version of the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System if available. 7. Educate administrative users about the risks and signs of compromise. 8. Regularly back up enrollment data securely to enable recovery in case of data integrity attacks.