CVE-2025-41090 is an improper access control vulnerability classified under CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function) affecting microCLAUDIA versions 3.2.0 and earlier. The flaw arises because the application fails to enforce proper authentication checks on API endpoints that manage critical functions across organizational tenants. An attacker with legitimate low-level credentials can exploit this by sending direct API requests containing organization identifiers, which can be obtained from compromised endpoints or deduced manually. This allows unauthorized cross-tenant access, breaking tenant isolation and enabling the attacker to list and manage remote assets belonging to other organizations, uninstall security agents, and delete vaccine configurations. These actions compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.6, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, partial privileges required, no user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality and integrity. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the critical nature of the affected functions and the potential for lateral movement within multi-tenant environments.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to severe operational disruptions and data breaches. The ability for an attacker to cross organizational boundaries undermines the fundamental security model of multi-tenant cloud environments, potentially exposing sensitive asset inventories and security configurations. Attackers could uninstall security agents, disabling endpoint protection and increasing exposure to further compromise. Deletion of vaccine configurations could leave systems vulnerable to malware and other threats. The breach of confidentiality and integrity could result in regulatory non-compliance, especially under GDPR, leading to legal and financial repercussions. Organizations relying on microCLAUDIA for asset management and endpoint security are at risk of lateral movement attacks and loss of control over their security posture.

Organizations should immediately verify the version of microCLAUDIA in use and upgrade to a patched version once available. In the absence of a patch, restrict API access through network segmentation and strict firewall rules to limit exposure of management interfaces. Implement strong authentication and authorization controls, including multi-factor authentication and role-based access control, to minimize the risk of credential compromise and misuse. Monitor API logs for unusual access patterns, especially cross-tenant requests. Conduct thorough audits of organization identifiers and rotate or obscure them if possible to prevent easy enumeration. Engage with CCN-CERT or the vendor for guidance and apply any recommended configuration changes. Additionally, enhance endpoint detection and response capabilities to identify and respond to agent uninstallation or configuration tampering attempts.