CVE-2025-4110 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System, specifically within the /admin/edit-teacher.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'mobilenumber' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious input manipulation. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database query, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. Although the CVSS score is moderate (5.3), the vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L). The scope is unchanged, meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without extending to other components. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, but the exploit details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects a niche product used primarily in educational administration for pre-school enrollment, which may limit the attack surface but still poses a significant risk to organizations relying on this system for managing sensitive student and staff data. Other parameters besides 'mobilenumber' might also be vulnerable, suggesting a broader input validation issue within the application. The lack of available patches or vendor advisories at this time increases the urgency for organizations to implement mitigations.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal data of children, parents, and staff, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations. Attackers could manipulate enrollment records, potentially disrupting administrative operations and damaging institutional trust. The integrity of teacher and student data could be compromised, leading to incorrect records or fraudulent enrollments. Availability impacts are possible if attackers execute destructive SQL commands, causing service outages or data loss. Given the educational context, the reputational damage and regulatory penalties could be significant. Although the product is niche, schools and educational institutions in Europe that have adopted this system are at risk. The vulnerability's remote exploitability without authentication increases the threat level, especially in environments where the enrollment system is exposed to the internet or insufficiently segmented from other networks.

1. Immediate implementation of Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'mobilenumber' parameter and other input fields in /admin/edit-teacher.php. 2. Conduct a thorough code review and input validation audit of the entire application, focusing on all parameters that interact with SQL queries, to identify and remediate similar injection points. 3. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities. 4. Restrict access to the /admin directory and sensitive endpoints through network segmentation and access control lists, limiting exposure to trusted IP addresses only. 5. Monitor application logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of injection attempts. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches; if unavailable, consider temporary mitigation by disabling the vulnerable functionality or isolating the affected system. 7. Educate administrative users about the risks and encourage strong operational security practices to reduce the risk of exploitation. 8. Regularly back up enrollment data and verify backup integrity to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss.