CVE-2025-41339 identifies a missing authorization vulnerability (CWE-862) in the CanalDenuncia.app platform, specifically within the backend API endpoint '/backend/api/buscarTipoDenuncia.php'. The vulnerability arises because the application fails to verify whether the requesting user is authorized to access the data associated with the 'id_sociedad' parameter. An attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted POST request with an arbitrary 'id_sociedad' value, thereby retrieving information belonging to other users or organizations without any authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality severely, as sensitive whistleblowing or complaint data can be exposed. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects the ease of exploitation (network accessible, no privileges or user interaction required) and the high impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity or availability. No patches or fixes are currently available, and no known exploits have been reported in the wild. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in November 2025 by INCIBE, indicating a recent discovery. CanalDenuncia.app is a platform likely used for whistleblowing or reporting, making the exposed data potentially sensitive and regulated under privacy laws such as GDPR. The lack of authorization checks in the API backend represents a critical security design flaw that must be addressed promptly to prevent data breaches.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality of sensitive whistleblowing or complaint data managed via CanalDenuncia.app. Exposure of such data can lead to privacy violations, regulatory penalties under GDPR, reputational damage, and loss of trust among employees and stakeholders. Organizations handling regulated or sensitive information are particularly vulnerable. The ease of exploitation without authentication means attackers can remotely access data without leaving obvious traces, increasing the risk of undetected breaches. This could also facilitate insider threats or external attackers targeting whistleblower information to intimidate or retaliate against individuals. The breach of confidentiality may also have legal consequences, including fines and mandatory breach notifications. Additionally, the vulnerability could undermine the integrity of whistleblowing programs, discouraging reporting and harming organizational compliance efforts.

1. Implement strict authorization checks on the backend API endpoint '/backend/api/buscarTipoDenuncia.php' to ensure that the requesting user is permitted to access data associated with the provided 'id_sociedad'. 2. Enforce authentication and session validation before processing any requests to sensitive endpoints. 3. Validate and sanitize all input parameters server-side to prevent unauthorized data access. 4. Conduct a comprehensive security audit of all API endpoints to identify and remediate similar missing authorization issues. 5. Monitor logs for unusual POST requests targeting 'id_sociedad' parameters and implement anomaly detection to flag potential exploitation attempts. 6. Educate development teams on secure coding practices related to authorization and access control. 7. If possible, implement rate limiting and IP filtering to reduce attack surface. 8. Engage with the vendor or development team to prioritize and deploy patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. 9. Review and update privacy and data protection policies to ensure compliance in case of data exposure. 10. Prepare incident response plans specific to data breaches involving whistleblowing platforms.