VulnerabilityPublished 10 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-41358: CronosWeb · Insecure Direct Object Reference

Affects CronosWebSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 8.3 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

8.3High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 26% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: High
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: High
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: High: There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all information within the Vulnerable System being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: High: There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the Subsequent System being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 10 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
CronosWeb i2A CronosWeb	Affected =25.00 =24.05.	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediately audit and restrict access controls on the 'documentCode' parameter to ensure server-side authorization checks validate user permissions before granting access to documents.
Implement strict input validation and enforce least privilege principles in the application logic to prevent unauthorized document retrieval.
Monitor access logs for unusual patterns, such as users accessing documents outside their typical scope or volume spikes in document retrieval requests.
If patches become available from i2A, prioritize their deployment in all affected environments.
Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of compromised credentials being used to exploit this vulnerability.
Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on access control mechanisms within CronosWeb.
Educate users and administrators about the risks of IDOR vulnerabilities and encourage prompt reporting of suspicious activity.
Consider implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block manipulation attempts of the 'documentCode' parameter.
Segregate sensitive document repositories and apply additional encryption or access controls at the storage level as a defense-in-depth measure.

Description

Direct Object Reference Vulnerability (IDOR) in i2A's CronosWeb, in versions prior to 25.00.00.12, inclusive. This vulnerability could allow an authenticated attacker to access other users' documents by manipulating the ‘documentCode’ parameter in '/CronosWeb/Modulos/Personas/DocumentosPersonales/AdjuntarDocumentosPersonas'.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact is unauthorized disclosure of sensitive documents, which can include personal data protected under GDPR or confidential corporate information. This breach of confidentiality can lead to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and loss of customer trust. Since CronosWeb is used in document management, sectors such as finance, healthcare, legal, and government are particularly at risk. The vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability directly but compromises data privacy significantly. The requirement for authentication limits exposure to insiders or compromised accounts, but the low complexity and lack of user interaction mean attackers can exploit this vulnerability rapidly once authenticated. This could facilitate insider threats or lateral movement within networks. The absence of known exploits in the wild suggests a window for proactive defense, but the high CVSS score indicates urgency. Organizations handling large volumes of sensitive documents must consider this a critical risk to their information security posture.

CWE-639Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #24OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Architecture and Design · Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Access Control (opens in a new tab)
Authorization Testing Automation (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Request Forgery Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Insecure Direct Object Reference Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V4.1.2 (opens in a new tab)
V4.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/direct-reference-insecure-objects-idor-cronosweb-cronosweb-i2a (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Dec 2025, 11:45 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-639

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats