CVE-2025-41365 is a code injection vulnerability classified under CWE-94, affecting ZIV's IDF (version 0.10.0-0C03-03) and ZLF (version 0.10.0-0C03-04) products. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker with elevated privileges (higher than view permission) to inject malicious code into the software, which subsequently executes in the victim's browser environment. This implies that the attack vector involves storing a malicious payload within the device's software interface or configuration, which is then rendered or executed client-side in a browser context. The vulnerability requires no user interaction beyond the attacker’s authenticated command execution, but it does require authentication with high privileges, limiting the attack surface to insiders or compromised accounts with elevated rights. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no user interaction, and privileges required. The impact scope is limited (SI:L) indicating some impact beyond the vulnerable component but not full system compromise. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality, integrity, or availability directly (VC:N/VI:N/VA:N), but the ability to execute arbitrary code in the browser can lead to further exploitation such as session hijacking, data theft, or lateral movement. No known exploits are reported in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in June 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. The affected products, IDF and ZLF, are specialized software solutions by ZIV, likely used in industrial or infrastructure environments given the vendor profile, which may increase the risk if exploited in critical systems.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-41365 could lead to significant security concerns, especially in sectors relying on ZIV's IDF and ZLF products, which may include industrial control systems, infrastructure management, or utilities. The ability to inject and execute malicious code in a browser context can facilitate unauthorized access to sensitive operational data, manipulation of device configurations, or pivoting to other network segments. Although exploitation requires authenticated access with elevated privileges, insider threats or compromised administrative credentials could enable attackers to leverage this vulnerability. This could result in operational disruptions, data breaches, or sabotage of critical infrastructure components. Given the increasing regulatory scrutiny in Europe around cybersecurity for critical infrastructure (e.g., NIS2 Directive), organizations failing to address this vulnerability may face compliance risks and reputational damage. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate but non-trivial risk, emphasizing the need for timely mitigation to prevent escalation or chained attacks.

1. Restrict and monitor administrative access: Enforce strict access controls and multi-factor authentication for accounts with elevated privileges on ZIV IDF and ZLF devices to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 2. Implement role-based access control (RBAC): Limit the number of users with permissions above view level to the minimum necessary, reducing the attack surface for this vulnerability. 3. Conduct regular audits and monitoring: Continuously monitor device logs and command executions for suspicious activity indicative of unauthorized code injection attempts. 4. Network segmentation: Isolate devices running IDF and ZLF products within secure network zones to limit exposure and lateral movement opportunities. 5. Apply virtual patching or compensating controls: Until official patches are released, consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) or intrusion prevention systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block malicious payloads or suspicious command executions. 6. Vendor engagement: Maintain communication with ZIV for timely updates and patches, and plan for rapid deployment once available. 7. User training and awareness: Educate administrators on the risks of privilege misuse and the importance of secure credential management to prevent insider threats.