CVE-2025-41390 is an arbitrary code execution vulnerability classified under CWE-829, which involves the inclusion of functionality from an untrusted control sphere. This vulnerability affects Truffle Security Co.'s TruffleHog product, specifically version 3.90.2. TruffleHog is a tool used to scan git repositories for secrets and sensitive information. The vulnerability is triggered when TruffleHog processes a specially crafted malicious git repository. Due to improper validation or sanitization of repository content, an attacker can embed malicious code that TruffleHog inadvertently executes during its scanning process. The attack vector requires user interaction, as the user must provide or scan the malicious repository. No prior privileges are required, making it accessible to any user running the vulnerable version. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.8 (high), reflecting the vulnerability's potential to compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it allows arbitrary code execution, which can lead to full system compromise, data theft, or disruption of services. Currently, no public exploits are known, and no patches have been released, increasing the urgency for users to implement interim mitigations. The vulnerability was reserved in July 2025 and published in October 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41390 is significant, especially for those relying on TruffleHog for security auditing, secret detection, or compliance scanning of git repositories. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution on the scanning host, potentially exposing sensitive corporate data, intellectual property, or credentials. This can result in data breaches, loss of trust, regulatory penalties under GDPR, and operational disruptions. Organizations with automated CI/CD pipelines incorporating TruffleHog scans are particularly vulnerable, as malicious repositories could be introduced via third-party dependencies or insider threats. The compromise could extend to lateral movement within networks, affecting broader IT infrastructure. The high severity and ease of exploitation without privileges make this a critical concern for security teams. Additionally, the lack of available patches means organizations must rely on mitigation strategies to reduce exposure until a fix is released.

1. Immediately cease use of TruffleHog version 3.90.2 for scanning untrusted or external repositories until a patch is available. 2. Restrict scanning operations to repositories from trusted and verified sources only. 3. Implement sandboxing or containerization for TruffleHog scanning processes to isolate potential code execution and limit impact. 4. Monitor and audit all repository inputs and scanning logs for unusual or unexpected activity. 5. Employ network segmentation to limit access of scanning hosts to critical systems and sensitive data. 6. Stay informed on vendor advisories and apply patches promptly once released. 7. Consider alternative secret scanning tools with no known vulnerabilities until this issue is resolved. 8. Educate developers and security teams about the risks of scanning untrusted repositories and enforce strict repository validation policies. 9. Integrate runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect and block suspicious behaviors stemming from scanning activities.