CVE-2025-41418 is a medium-severity buffer overflow vulnerability affecting multiple versions of TB-eye Ltd.'s network recorders and AHD recorders, specifically the XRN-410SN/TE model with firmware versions Ver2.47b_220119153805 and earlier. The vulnerability resides in the CGI process of the device's firmware, where processing a specially crafted request can cause the CGI process to terminate abnormally. This abnormal termination is indicative of a buffer overflow condition, which occurs when input data exceeds the allocated buffer size, potentially leading to process crashes or denial of service. According to the CVSS v3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L), the vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction, but it only impacts availability by causing the CGI process to crash. There is no indication that confidentiality or integrity is affected. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability affects devices running older firmware versions, suggesting that firmware updates may be necessary to remediate the issue once available.

For European organizations using TB-eye Ltd.'s XRN-410SN/TE network recorders or AHD recorders, this vulnerability could lead to denial of service conditions on affected devices. Since these devices are typically used for video surveillance and security monitoring, an attacker could disrupt video recording or live monitoring by triggering the buffer overflow, causing the CGI process to crash. This disruption could impair security operations, delay incident response, and reduce situational awareness. While the vulnerability does not allow for data theft or manipulation, the loss of availability in security infrastructure can have serious operational consequences, especially in critical infrastructure, transportation hubs, or public safety environments. The lack of authentication or user interaction required for exploitation increases the risk of remote attacks, particularly if these devices are exposed to untrusted networks or the internet. However, the medium severity and absence of known exploits suggest that the threat is moderate but should not be ignored.

European organizations should immediately inventory their TB-eye XRN-410SN/TE devices and verify firmware versions. Devices running firmware versions Ver2.47b_220119153805 or earlier should be prioritized for firmware updates once TB-eye Ltd. releases a patch addressing this vulnerability. Until patches are available, organizations should restrict network access to these devices by implementing network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted management networks only. Disabling unnecessary CGI services or restricting access to the CGI interface via IP whitelisting can reduce attack surface. Continuous monitoring of device logs and network traffic for abnormal CGI process terminations or unusual requests can help detect attempted exploitation. Additionally, organizations should engage with TB-eye Ltd. support channels to obtain official patches and advisories. Regularly updating device firmware and applying security best practices for IoT and networked surveillance devices will further reduce risk.