CVE-2025-4151 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System, specifically affecting the /admin/pass-bwdates-reports-details.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization and validation of the 'fromdate' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries without adequate escaping or parameterization. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands by manipulating the 'fromdate' argument, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion within the backend database. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or privileges to exploit, making it remotely exploitable over the network. Although the CVSS 4.0 score is rated as 6.9 (medium severity), the nature of SQL injection vulnerabilities often implies a high risk due to the potential for data breach and system compromise. The description also suggests that other parameters might be vulnerable, indicating a broader issue with input validation in the application. No patches or fixes have been publicly disclosed yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild at this time. The vulnerability was published on May 1, 2025, and has been enriched by CISA, highlighting its relevance for cybersecurity monitoring. Given that the affected product is a specialized e-pass management system used to regulate curfew passes, the vulnerability could be leveraged to disrupt administrative operations or leak sensitive citizen data if exploited.

For European organizations, especially governmental or municipal bodies that might deploy the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System or similar e-governance platforms, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal data, including citizen identities, travel permissions, and timestamps, violating privacy regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, attackers could manipulate or delete records, undermining the integrity of curfew enforcement and public safety measures. This could result in operational disruptions, loss of public trust, and potential legal liabilities. Since the system is likely used in administrative contexts, exploitation could also facilitate further lateral movement within government networks, increasing the risk of broader compromise. The medium CVSS score may underestimate the real-world impact given the criticality of the data and functions involved. The lack of authentication requirements for exploitation further elevates the threat, as attackers do not need credentials or user interaction to launch attacks remotely. Organizations relying on this system should consider the vulnerability a high operational risk.

1. Immediate code review and remediation: Developers should implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions, especially those involving user-supplied inputs like 'fromdate'. 2. Input validation and sanitization: Enforce strict server-side validation on all input parameters to ensure they conform to expected formats (e.g., date formats) and reject suspicious inputs. 3. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy and configure a WAF with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoints. 4. Access controls: Restrict access to the /admin/ directory to authorized IP addresses or via VPN to reduce exposure. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of database queries and web requests to detect anomalous activities indicative of injection attempts. 6. Incident response readiness: Prepare for potential exploitation by having data backup and recovery plans in place. 7. Vendor engagement: Contact PHPGurukul for official patches or updates and apply them promptly once available. 8. Network segmentation: Isolate the e-pass management system from other critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 9. Conduct penetration testing focused on injection flaws to identify any additional vulnerable parameters beyond 'fromdate'.