CVE-2025-4154 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System, specifically within the /admin/enrollment-details.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'Status' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network without prior authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that while the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no user interaction, the privileges required are low (PR:L), and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but non-negligible. The vulnerability affects a niche product used primarily for managing pre-school enrollment processes, which likely involves sensitive personal data such as children's and parents' information. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The absence of available patches or mitigations from the vendor further elevates the urgency for affected organizations to implement compensating controls. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data manipulation, or denial of service on the enrollment system, potentially disrupting administrative operations and compromising sensitive data integrity and confidentiality.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive enrollment data, including personally identifiable information (PII) of children and their guardians. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to or modification of enrollment records, potentially resulting in privacy violations and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. Operationally, successful exploitation may disrupt enrollment processes, causing administrative delays and reputational damage. Given the critical nature of educational data and the sensitivity around children's information in Europe, such breaches could attract significant regulatory scrutiny and financial penalties. However, the medium CVSS score and the requirement for low privileges suggest that while the vulnerability is exploitable remotely, the overall impact might be contained if the system is isolated or protected by network controls. The lack of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, especially as attackers may develop exploits following public disclosure.

1. Immediate network-level restrictions: Limit access to the /admin/enrollment-details.php endpoint to trusted IP addresses or VPN-only access to reduce exposure. 2. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy and configure a WAF with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'Status' parameter. 3. Input validation and sanitization: Although vendor patches are unavailable, implement reverse proxy or application-layer input validation to sanitize or reject suspicious input patterns on the 'Status' parameter. 4. Database permissions hardening: Restrict the database user permissions used by the enrollment system to the minimum necessary, preventing data modification or extraction beyond what is required. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of access to the vulnerable endpoint and monitor for anomalous query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of injection attacks. 6. Incident response readiness: Prepare to isolate affected systems and conduct forensic analysis if exploitation is suspected. 7. Vendor engagement: Engage with PHPGurukul to request patches or updates and track any forthcoming security advisories. 8. Consider system replacement or upgrade: Evaluate alternative enrollment systems with active security support if mitigation is insufficient.