CVE-2025-4156 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Boat Booking System, specifically within the /admin/change-image.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' parameter, which is manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network without prior authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting a network attack vector with low complexity and no privileges required, but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, and no official patches or fixes have been published yet. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The SQL injection could allow attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data, potentially leading to unauthorized data disclosure or corruption within the booking system's database. Given the administrative context of the vulnerable script, exploitation could also facilitate privilege escalation or further compromise of the application environment if chained with other vulnerabilities. The lack of authentication requirement and remote exploitability make this vulnerability a significant risk for any organization using this specific version of the PHPGurukul Boat Booking System, especially those managing sensitive customer or booking data.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Boat Booking System 1.0, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive booking and customer information, undermining data confidentiality and integrity. The ability to manipulate database queries remotely without authentication increases the risk of data breaches, potentially violating GDPR requirements and leading to regulatory penalties. Additionally, data tampering could disrupt business operations, causing loss of customer trust and financial damage. Organizations in the travel, tourism, and maritime sectors relying on this system may face operational disruptions if attackers exploit this flaw to corrupt booking data or escalate privileges to compromise broader IT infrastructure. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system availability, indirect impacts such as forced downtime for remediation or incident response could occur. The medium CVSS score suggests a moderate risk, but the public availability of exploit code and the administrative context of the vulnerable endpoint elevate the threat level for organizations with inadequate security controls or outdated software management practices.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting access to the /admin/change-image.php endpoint through network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN access to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. 2. Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'ID' parameter. 3. Conduct a thorough code review and apply input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to eliminate SQL injection vectors in the affected script. 4. If possible, upgrade to a newer, patched version of the PHPGurukul Boat Booking System once available; if not, consider replacing the system with a more secure alternative. 5. Monitor logs for suspicious database query patterns or repeated access attempts to the vulnerable endpoint to detect exploitation attempts early. 6. Perform regular backups of the booking system database to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss. 7. Educate administrative users about the risks and encourage strong authentication mechanisms, even though this vulnerability does not require authentication, to reduce overall attack surface. 8. Engage with the vendor or community to track patch releases and apply them promptly.